Nutrition and Metabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of insulin in the body?

  • To produce glucose
  • To digest food
  • To transport nutrients into cells (correct)
  • To break down fats

    • Diabetes 1 is usually diagnosed in middle-aged adults.

    False

    What substance is needed to transport glucose into cells?

    insulin

    To gain one kilogram of body fat, a person must consume ________ more calories than needed.

    <p>1800</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of diabetes with its characteristic:

    <p>Diabetes 1 = Requires daily insulin intake Diabetes 2 = Common in middle-aged and older people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many calories per gram do carbohydrates and protein provide?

    <p>4 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In absence of insulin, the body begins to utilize glucose as energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which food is digested and then excreted?

    <p>digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a complete protein?

    <p>Peanut butter on whole grain bread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the vagus nerve in relation to the liver?

    <p>To stimulate bile production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High Glycemic Index carbohydrates are absorbed slowly in the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the building blocks of proteins?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of amino acids?

    <p>Essential and non-essential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gluten is a group of proteins found in ______.

    <p>wheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemoglobin is a type of protein that transports ______ through the blood.

    <p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each protein function with its description:

    <p>Antibody = Binds to foreign particles to protect the body Enzyme = Carries out chemical reactions in cells Messenger = Transmits signals between cells Structural component = Provides support and structure for cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following foods with their protein type:

    <p>Quinoa = Complete protein Nuts = Incomplete protein Beans = Incomplete protein Whey protein = Complete protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is important for maintaining electrolyte balance?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following food sources contain complete proteins?

    <p>Meat and fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A high-fat diet is the primary source of energy for the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fiber can accelerate the metabolism of carbohydrates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of whey protein?

    <p>Helps build or maintain lean tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one function of proteins in the human body.

    <p>Building and repairing body tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the good/bad cholesterol ratio considered healthy?

    <p>5:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamins are inorganic compounds that cannot be broken down by heat or air.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from a deficiency of vitamin C?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Folic acid (vitamin B11) helps prevent ______ defects during pregnancy.

    <p>birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is important for preventing dental cavities?

    <p>Fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vitamins with their properties:

    <p>Vitamin C = Needed for collagen formation Vitamin B complex = Helps form red blood cells Vitamin D = Protects bones against fractures Folic acid = Prevents certain birth defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The body can produce and store vitamin C.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two sources of vitamin B.

    <p>Fish, poultry, meat, eggs, dairy products, leafy green vegetables, beans and peas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fatty acids is essential for human health and must be obtained from our diet?

    <p>Omega 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Omega 9 fatty acids must be obtained from dietary sources because they are essential.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two sources of Omega 3 fatty acids?

    <p>Fatty fish and walnuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excess cholesterol can be absorbed by ______.

    <p>fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of fats with their characteristics:

    <p>Monounsaturated fats = Protective against heart disease Polyunsaturated fats = Includes Omega 3 and Omega 6 Saturated fats = Raises total blood cholesterol levels Trans fats = Increase LDL cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods is a source of Omega 6 fatty acids?

    <p>Corn oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturated fats are primarily found in plant-based food sources.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of EPA and DHA in the body?

    <p>They help reduce inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary source of vitamin C?

    <p>Broccoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin D helps to reduce inflammation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mineral is essential for transporting oxygen in the body?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin K is required for ____ and protein modification.

    <p>blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vitamins with their primary functions:

    <p>Vitamin A = Good vision and immune function Vitamin E = Protects red blood cells Vitamin D = Regulates calcium absorption Vitamin K = Required for blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin can be synthesized by the body when exposed to sunlight?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcium is important for muscle contraction and nerve signaling.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one food source high in vitamin E.

    <p>Almonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glycogen

    • Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans, fungi, bacteria, and animals.
    • Excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles for future energy needs.
    • The equivalent of glycogen in plants is starch.
    • Glycogen functions as a short-term energy reserve, while triglycerides (stored fat) are for long-term storage.

    Fiber

    • Dietary fiber is the undigested, unabsorbed carbohydrate in food.
    • Increases stool weight, helping prevent constipation.
    • Fiber-rich foods include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
    • Types:
      • Soluble fiber dissolves in water, forming a gel-like substance; helps lower blood cholesterol and glucose levels; found in oats, peas, beans, apples, and citrus fruits.
      • Insoluble fiber doesn't dissolve in water; increases stool bulk, helping prevent constipation; found in wheat bran, nuts, beans, and vegetables like cauliflower.
    • Increased fiber intake can help with bowel health, lower cholesterol, control blood sugar, and potentially aid in weight management.

    Carbohydrates

    • The body uses carbohydrates for energy.
    • Carbohydrates provide about 4 calories per gram.
    • Types:
      • Simple carbohydrates: monosaccharides (single sugars) like glucose, fructose, and galactose; found in fruits, milk, candy, and sweets.
      • Complex carbohydrates: polysaccharides (many sugars linked together) like starch and glycogen; found in grains, starchy vegetables, and legumes.

    Sugar

    • Sugars are a type of simple carbohydrate.
    • The body's cells use glucose as a primary energy source.
    • Other simple sugars include fructose and lactose.
    • Excess sugar is stored in muscles and liver as glycogen or as fat.

    Health Implications of Fiber

    • Fiber consumption normalizes bowel movements.
    • Fiber consumption helps maintain bowel health.
    • Fiber consumption lowers cholesterol levels.
    • Fiber consumption helps control blood sugar levels.
    • Fiber consumption aids in achieving healthy weight.

    Atoms

    • C = Carbon
    • H = Hydrogen
    • O = Oxygen
    • These atoms form fatty acids and fats.

    Healthy Fats

    • Unsaturated fats include monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
    • Polyunsaturated fats have more than one carbon-carbon double bond; monounsaturated fats have one carbon-carbon double bond.
    • Examples include avocado, nuts, and olive oil.
    • Benefits include improvement of blood cholesterol levels, reducing heart disease risk, and benefiting insulin and blood sugar levels.

    Omega-3 Fatty Acids

    • Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fat.
    • Essential meaning the body can't produce them and they're needed for health.
    • They help reduce inflammation.
    • They have benefits for heart health and mental health.

    Water - Soluble Vitamins

    • Water-soluble vitamins are lost when cooked or exposed to oxygen.
    • Vitamin C is important for collagen formation, immune function, and iron absorption.
    • Sources include fruits, vegetables, and broccoli.

    Fat Soluble Vitamins

    • Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in body fat and need fat for absorption.
    • Vitamin A is important for good vision and immune function. Sources include carrots and sweet potatoes.
    • Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health, and can be made by the body in response to sunlight.

    Minerals

    • Minerals are essential for building strong bones and teeth.
    • Calcium supports nerve signaling and muscle contractions.
    • Magnesium is needed for maintaining muscle and nerve function.
    • Iron is important for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
    • Zinc helps the body maintain a sense of smell and supports the immune system.

    Proteins

    • Proteins are the building blocks of tissue.
    • They can be complete (containing all essential amino acids, e.g. the proteins in meat) or incomplete (lacking some essential amino acids, e.g. the proteins in beans).

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    Summary Nutrition Year 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the roles of insulin, types of diabetes, and the digestion process. This quiz covers essential topics in nutrition, including the significance of calories, proteins, and amino acids. Explore how the body processes food and energy with a series of engaging questions.

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