Nutrition and Diet Therapy Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the Basal Metabolic Rate?

Energy consumed in physical activities

Energy to maintain life-sustaining activities at rest (correct)

Calories consumed from food

Total energy expenditure during the day

What is Resting Energy Expenditure?

Amount of energy needed over 24 hours to maintain internal activities at rest.

What unit measures energy?

Kilocalories

Nutrients are elements necessary for normal body functions.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does nutrient density refer to?

The amount of nutrients relative to calories. Signup and view all the answers

Essential Nutrients must be obtained from _______

food Signup and view all the answers

What are the six essential nutrients?

Water, Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals Signup and view all the answers

How many kcal/g do carbohydrates and proteins provide?

4 kcal/g Signup and view all the answers

How many kcal/g do fats provide?

9 kcal/g Signup and view all the answers

What are simple carbohydrates comprised of?

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What are polysaccharides?

Complex carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What forms the simplest unit of protein?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What are the nine essential amino acids?

Lysine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Threonine, Valine, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Methionine, Histidine Signup and view all the answers

Saturated fatty acids have two attached hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a healthy body mass index?

18.5-25 Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to obesity?

Sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy food choices, costs of healthy food. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of water in the body?

Transporting nutrients and waste, assisting in metabolic reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the major minerals?

Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin A is known as the ______ vitamin.

skin Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin D is important for the absorption of ______.

calcium Signup and view all the answers

What are the food groups?

Fruits, Vegetables, Protein, Dairy, Grains Signup and view all the answers

What color represents fruits?

Red Signup and view all the answers

What are the ten tips for a great plate?

Balance calories, enjoy food but eat less, avoid oversized portions, eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, switch to fat-free or 1% milk, make half grains whole grains, eat less solid fats, compare sodium, drink water instead of sugary drinks. Signup and view all the answers

What influences food choices?

Food preference, Habit, Associations, Traditions, Social, Emotions, Economics, Age, Occupations, Medical Conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What does diet therapy consist of?

Clear liquids, Full liquids, Pureed, Mechanical soft, Soft/low residue, High fiber, Low sodium, Low cholesterol, Diabetic, Regular. Signup and view all the answers

What is TPN?

Total parenteral nutrition. Signup and view all the answers

Diverticulosis refers to __________.

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall Signup and view all the answers

What is dumping syndrome?

Rapid emptying of gastric contents into small intestines. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metabolic Rates and Energy

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): Energy required to maintain vital functions at rest, including heart rate and body temperature.
Resting Energy Expenditure (REE): Total energy needed by an individual at rest over a 24-hour period to sustain bodily functions.
Kilocalories (kcal): The standard unit for measuring energy in food.

Nutrients and Their Characteristics

Nutrients: Essential elements for normal body functions.
Nutrient Density: Measure of nutrients in relation to calories provided.
Essential Nutrients: Nutrients that must be consumed as the body cannot produce enough on its own.
Six Essential Nutrients: Water, Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals.

Carbohydrates

Preferred energy source for the body.
Simple Carbohydrates: Include monosaccharides (e.g., glucose) and disaccharides (e.g., sucrose).
Complex Carbohydrates: Composed of polysaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen).
Nutritional Content: Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g, while fats provide 9 kcal/g.

Proteins

Composed mainly of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Amino Acids: The simplest building blocks of proteins; essential amino acids must be obtained through diet.
Types of Proteins:
- Complete Proteins: Contain all essential amino acids (typically animal sources).
- Simple Proteins: Consist of one amino acid type.

Fats and Lipids

Types of Fatty Acids:
- Saturated: Found in animal products; each carbon atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
- Unsaturated: Found in plant sources; equal number of hydrogen to carbon atoms.
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): Known as 'good' cholesterol.
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein): Considered 'bad' cholesterol.

Water and Its Importance

Water constitutes 60-70% of body weight; higher percentage in lean individuals, lower in older adults.
Functions: Transports nutrients, assists metabolic reactions, regulates temperature, lubricates joints.

Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamins are categorized into fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B, C).
Major Minerals: Include sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium.
Calcium plays a vital role in bone health and is regulated by sodium.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Healthy BMI Range: 18.5 - 25.
Overweight: BMI of 25 - 30.
Obesity: BMI of 30 or higher; influenced by sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy eating habits, and economic factors.

Dietary Guidelines

“10 Tips to a Great Plate” promote balanced calorie intake and encourage consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy while limiting high-calorie and high-sugar foods.

Diet Therapy and Nutrition Support

Types of Diet Therapies: Clear liquids, full liquids, pureed, mechanical soft, soft/low residue, high fiber, low sodium, low cholesterol, diabetic, regular diets.
Parenteral Nutrition:
- PPN (Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition): Short-term feeding with lower risk and cost.
- TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition): Longer-term, central vein feeding requiring monitoring.

Digestive Health Concerns

Diverticulosis: Condition characterized by abnormal pouches in the intestinal wall.
Dumping Syndrome: Rapid gastric emptying leading to symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea.

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Description

Test your knowledge on essential concepts in Nutrition and Diet Therapy with these flashcards. Each card covers important terms and definitions vital for understanding energy requirements and metabolic rates. Perfect for students and professionals in the health and wellness fields.