Nutrients to Increase During Pregnancy

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Questions and Answers

what nutrients should increase during pregnancy

calcium, iron, folate

What types of food should be eaten most during pregnancy?

fruits, vegetables, wholegrain breads/cereal

what should be eaten in moderation during pregnancy

low-fat dairy, lean meats (chicken or fish), and red meat

what foods should be eaten least during pregnancy

foods high in sugar, salt and fat Signup and view all the answers

how much extra energy is needed during second and third trimesters

increase of 600kJ per day Signup and view all the answers

what vitamin deficiency increases risk of neural tube defects in babies

folic aid (folate) deficiency Signup and view all the answers

what should be avoided during pregnancy to prevent birth defects

alcohol, tobacco, unpasteurised milk, raw egg, uncooked meats, illegal drugs, and soft serve ice cream Signup and view all the answers

why should pregnant women reduce caffeine intake

it can negatively affect the baby, leading to learning problems Signup and view all the answers

whats thalidomide and why is it dangerous during pregnancy

it was a pill taken for morning sickness, and is a substance that affects the growth of limbs in the developing foetus Signup and view all the answers

what symptoms are associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

sunken nasal bridge, narrow eye slits, heart and organ defects, and behavioural problems Signup and view all the answers

what are some known teratogens

alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, thalidomide, steroid hormones, some antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

whats toxoplasmosis and how can it affect pregnancy

it's a parasitic infection that can cause miscarriage, stillbirth or birth defects Signup and view all the answers

how does smoking during pregnancy affect baby

cause placental complications, low birth weight, growth retardation, miscarriage, stillbirth and SIDS Signup and view all the answers

what are some pathogens with teratogenic effects

syphilis, rubella, herpes, HIV and toxoplasmosis Signup and view all the answers

what are the dangers of using cannibis during pregnancy

increases risk of learning problems in babies Signup and view all the answers

why is iron important during pregnancy

extra iron is needed for the growing baby, placenta and increases RBC in the mother's bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

what enhances iron absorption during pregnancy

vitamin c Signup and view all the answers

why should pregnant women avoid fish high in mercury

mercury can harm baby's developing nervous system Signup and view all the answers

why are most teratogens especially dangerous during first trimester

this is when major organs are developing, making foetus more vulnerable to mutations and cellular damage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy

Increased intake of folic acid is crucial to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in babies.
Iron is essential for preventing anemia and supporting increased blood volume, requiring additional intake during pregnancy.
Calcium and vitamin D support fetal bone development and maternal bone health.

Recommended Foods

Focus on consuming fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, dairy, and healthy fats.
Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon and walnuts, are beneficial for fetal brain development.
Incorporate folate-rich foods like leafy greens, legumes, and fortified cereals.

Foods in Moderation

Limit caffeine intake to reduce the risk of low birth weight and developmental issues.
Moderation is also advised for processed foods high in sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats.

Foods to Avoid

Reduce consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, eggs, and meat due to the risk of foodborne illnesses.
Avoid unpasteurized dairy products and certain soft cheeses that may harbor harmful bacteria.

Energy Requirements

An additional 340 calories per day is needed during the second trimester.
Increase to 450 extra calories per day during the third trimester to support fetal growth.

Neural Tube Defects

Deficiency in folic acid has been linked to an increased risk of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida.

Birth Defect Prevention

Avoid alcohol entirely to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which can cause growth deficiencies and developmental delays.
Stay clear of harmful substances, including certain medications, illicit drugs, and environmental toxins.

Caffeine Intake

High caffeine consumption may lead to complications like miscarriage and low birth weight, hence should be reduced.

Thalidomide Risks

Thalidomide is a drug that caused severe birth defects when taken during pregnancy, affecting limb development among other issues.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Symptoms

Symptoms associated with FAS include facial deformities, growth deficiencies, and cognitive impairments.

Teratogens

Known teratogens include alcohol, certain medications (like thalidomide), tobacco, and recreational drugs.

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a parasite, which can be transmitted through undercooked meat or cat feces, posing risks to fetal development.

Smoking Consequences

Smoking during pregnancy can result in low birth weight, preterm birth, and developmental issues in infants.

Pathogens with Teratogenic Effects

Pathogens such as rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Zika virus can lead to serious birth defects if contracted during pregnancy.

Cannabis Risks

The use of cannabis during pregnancy is associated with negative impacts on fetal brain development and potential long-term behavioral issues.

Importance of Iron

Iron is vital to support increased blood volume and the oxygen needs of both mother and fetus, preventing anemia.

Iron Absorption Enhancement

Consuming vitamin C-rich foods, like citrus fruits, alongside iron sources can enhance iron absorption.

Mercury in Fish

Pregnant women should avoid fish high in mercury, such as shark and swordfish, as mercury can harm fetal brain development.

Teratogen Sensitivity

Many teratogens are especially dangerous during the first trimester as this is a critical period for organ development and growth.

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Description

This quiz explores the essential nutrients that should be increased during pregnancy for the health of both mother and baby. Understanding these nutritional needs is crucial for supporting fetal development. Test your knowledge on the vitamins and minerals that play a vital role during this important time.