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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
- Build and repair tissues
- Provide energy (correct)
- Regulate body processes
- Store energy
Which nutrient is classified as a macronutrient?
Which nutrient is classified as a macronutrient?
- Water
- Minerals
- Fats (correct)
- Vitamins
What role do vitamins play in the body?
What role do vitamins play in the body?
- Provide hydration
- Regulate body processes (correct)
- Store energy
- Repair tissues
What is a characteristic of micronutrients?
What is a characteristic of micronutrients?
Which statement best describes essential nutrients?
Which statement best describes essential nutrients?
What can be a consequence of nutrient deficiency over time?
What can be a consequence of nutrient deficiency over time?
Which nutrient is primarily responsible for storing energy and supporting cell function?
Which nutrient is primarily responsible for storing energy and supporting cell function?
Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?
What role does Vitamin A play in maintaining skin health?
What role does Vitamin A play in maintaining skin health?
Which function is NOT associated with Vitamin D?
Which function is NOT associated with Vitamin D?
What is one of the main benefits of Vitamin E?
What is one of the main benefits of Vitamin E?
Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
What key role does Biotin (Vitamin H) play in the body?
What key role does Biotin (Vitamin H) play in the body?
Folate is crucial for which of the following processes?
Folate is crucial for which of the following processes?
Vitamin D plays a significant role in which of the following?
Vitamin D plays a significant role in which of the following?
Which vitamin is involved in promoting healthy hair and nails?
Which vitamin is involved in promoting healthy hair and nails?
What is a primary function of cholesterol in the body?
What is a primary function of cholesterol in the body?
Which food sources are primarily high in cholesterol?
Which food sources are primarily high in cholesterol?
What does hypercholesterolemia refer to?
What does hypercholesterolemia refer to?
Which type of vitamins are not stored in significant amounts in the body?
Which type of vitamins are not stored in significant amounts in the body?
What is a characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins?
What is a characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins?
Which vitamin is primarily associated with proper vision?
Which vitamin is primarily associated with proper vision?
What are fat-soluble vitamins primarily transported in the blood by?
What are fat-soluble vitamins primarily transported in the blood by?
Which vitamin complex includes B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12?
Which vitamin complex includes B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12?
What is the primary role of iron in the body?
What is the primary role of iron in the body?
Which trace mineral is essential for a healthy immune system?
Which trace mineral is essential for a healthy immune system?
What is the effect of selenium in the body?
What is the effect of selenium in the body?
What physiological process does iodine primarily support?
What physiological process does iodine primarily support?
Which mineral plays a role in collagen formation?
Which mineral plays a role in collagen formation?
How does chromium affect blood sugar levels?
How does chromium affect blood sugar levels?
What role does manganese play in the body?
What role does manganese play in the body?
What is the primary benefit of fluoride in dental health?
What is the primary benefit of fluoride in dental health?
What is the primary function of Vitamin C?
What is the primary function of Vitamin C?
Which of the following vitamins is NOT classified as water-soluble?
Which of the following vitamins is NOT classified as water-soluble?
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is important for which of the following functions?
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is important for which of the following functions?
Which vitamin is primarily associated with the synthesis of fatty acids and steroid hormones?
Which vitamin is primarily associated with the synthesis of fatty acids and steroid hormones?
What are common sources of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?
What are common sources of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?
Which vitamin is crucial for DNA synthesis during pregnancy?
Which vitamin is crucial for DNA synthesis during pregnancy?
Which vitamin is not required for the production of red blood cells?
Which vitamin is not required for the production of red blood cells?
Why is a consistent intake of water-soluble vitamins necessary?
Why is a consistent intake of water-soluble vitamins necessary?
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Study Notes
Nutrients and Their Functions
- Nutrients are chemical substances essential for life functions.
- Six essential nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Classification of Nutrients
- Macronutrients: Required in large amounts; provide energy.
- Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
- Micronutrients: Needed in smaller amounts but critical for health.
- Vitamins, minerals, and water
Functions of Nutrients
- Carbohydrates: Primary source of energy.
- Proteins: Essential for building and repairing tissues.
- Fats: Store energy and support cellular functions.
- Vitamins: Regulate various body processes.
- Minerals: Involved in numerous bodily functions.
- Water: Vital for hydration and various physiological roles.
Essential Nutrients
- Essential nutrients cannot be sufficiently produced by the body and must be obtained from diet.
Nutrient Deficiency
- A nutrient deficiency occurs when an individual lacks one or more nutrients over time.
Energy Sources
- Main sources of energy: carbohydrates, proteins, fats.
Cholesterol
- Found primarily in eggs, meat, and dairy.
- Hypercholesterolemia: Condition of high serum cholesterol.
- Normal cholesterol level: 200 mg/dl.
Vitamins
- Organic compounds required in small amounts for biochemical processes.
- Categories:
- Fat-soluble: A, D, E, K
- Transported in blood by lipoproteins; stored in liver; can cause toxicity in excess.
- Water-soluble: C and B-complex vitamins
- Easily dissolved in bodily fluids; not stored in significant amounts; typically excreted in urine.
- Fat-soluble: A, D, E, K
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
- Vitamin A: Supports vision, immune function, and skin health.
- Vitamin D: Promotes calcium absorption, supports immune regulation, important for muscle function.
- Vitamin E: Acts as an antioxidant, supports skin health, and immune function.
- Vitamin K: Essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism.
Water-Soluble Vitamins
- Vitamin C: Antioxidant, supports collagen synthesis and immune function.
- B-Complex Vitamins:
- B1 (Thiamine): Energy metabolism, nerve function.
- B2 (Riboflavin): Energy production, fat metabolism.
- B3 (Niacin): Energy metabolism, DNA repair.
- B5 (Pantothenic Acid): Fatty acid and steroid hormone synthesis.
- B6 (Pyridoxine): Amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis.
- B7 (Biotin): Fatty acid synthesis, energy metabolism.
- B9 (Folate): DNA synthesis, crucial during pregnancy.
- B12 (Cobalamin): Nerve function, DNA synthesis, red blood cell production.
Trace Minerals
- Required in very small amounts for physiological processes.
Key Trace Minerals
- Iron: Essential for oxygen transport and energy production.
- Zinc: Important for immune function, wound healing, growth, and development.
- Copper: Supports iron metabolism and collagen formation.
- Selenium: Functions as an antioxidant and supports thyroid health.
- Iodine: Necessary for thyroid hormone production regulating metabolism.
- Fluoride: Strengthens tooth enamel; prevents decay.
- Manganese: Supports bone formation and has antioxidant properties.
- Chromium: Enhances insulin function, essential for blood sugar regulation.
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