Nursing Theories and Systems Overview

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of tertiary prevention?

Protection against disease

Generalized health promotion

Rehabilitation after an illness or injury (correct)

Early detection of disease

Which type of assessment involves a detailed physical examination from head to toe?

Subjective assessment

Objective assessment

Comprehensive assessment (correct)

Focused assessment

What does homeostasis refer to in a biological context?

The ability to respond to environmental changes

The tendency to maintain a state of balance (correct)

The capability of organisms to evolve

The process of growth and development

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the need that comes directly after safety and security?

Belongingness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between disease and illness?

Disease is an alteration of body function, while illness is a highly personal state. Signup and view all the answers

What are subjective data in nursing assessment?

What the patient personally reports Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a core concept in the discipline of nursing?

Technology Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest organ of the body?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

What is one key difference between the roles of an LPN and an RN?

RNs are responsible for initial assessments and planning of care. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT part of the four elements of malpractice in tort law?

Negligence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Erikson's first stage of development?

Trust vs Mistrust Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the tendency to evaluate other cultures based on the standards of one's own?

Ethnocentrism Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for informing patients about the risks and benefits of a procedure?

Physician Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Nurse Practice Act?

To provide the legal source for a nurse's delegation authority. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of spirituality, what does an awareness of one's inner self typically indicate?

Spirituality Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of grief, according to Kubler-Ross, is a person likely to reason with fate?

Bargaining Signup and view all the answers

Which body is responsible for setting the rules regarding nursing licensure?

Florida Board of Nursing Signup and view all the answers

What are the five rights of delegation?

Right person, right task, right direction, right circumstance, right supervision. Signup and view all the answers

Which religious tradition emphasizes a kosher diet and quick burial after death?

Judaism Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a tort in the context of nursing malpractice?

An unintentional act of negligence resulting in harm to the patient. Signup and view all the answers

Which code provides guidelines for ethical nursing practice?

ANA Code of Ethics Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Stage 6 of cognitive decline in individuals?

Unaware of surroundings and wandering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of elderly abuse?

Frequent social gatherings Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the battering cycle is characterized by the victim's compliant behavior?

Tension building Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavior of an abused child that may indicate emotional abuse?

Nightmares Signup and view all the answers

What common trait is associated with the victims of human trafficking?

Lack of eye contact Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines emotional neglect in children?

Deprivation of love and support necessary for healthy development Signup and view all the answers

What are common causes of delirium that can lead to disturbance in consciousness?

Head injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of abuse committed by family members?

Physical abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of sexual child abuse?

Difficulty walking or sitting Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by a loss of nerve cells in the substantia nigra?

Parkinson's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable symptom of amnestic disorders?

Inability to recall previously learned information Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is known to be associated with thiamine deficiency in alcoholics?

Wernicke's Encephalopathy Signup and view all the answers

What are early signs of dementia?

Memory loss and difficulty with tasks Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Pick's disease?

Atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of dementia is characterized by moderate decline and difficulty with simple math?

Stage 4 Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

Involuntary movements and muscle rigidity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Systems and Theories

A system consists of interacting parts or components.
Systems theory focuses on breaking larger wholes into parts that serve a common purpose to create a cohesive whole.
Homeostasis is the tendency of systems to maintain a balanced state.

Core Nursing Concepts

Core concepts in nursing include: individual, health, nursing, and environment.
Health is recognized as a state of wellness.

Needs and Responses

Human needs essential for well-being encompass love, security, and self-esteem.
If needs are unmet, individuals activate coping mechanisms to restore homeostasis.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

The hierarchy consists of levels: Physiological, Safety and Security, Belongingness, Esteem, and Self-Actualization (abbreviated as PS BES).

Stress and Disease

Stress refers to a state induced by change.
Disease represents alterations in bodily function, while illness is a personal perception of being unhealthy.

Levels of Prevention

Primary Prevention: General health promotion and disease protection.
Secondary Prevention: Early detection of disease and prompt intervention.
Tertiary Prevention: Focuses on rehabilitation post-illness or injury.

Nursing Process

The first step of the nursing process is Assessment which includes both physical (head-to-toe) and focused assessments.
Functional level refers to a patient's capability upon discharge compared to admission.

Data Types

Subjective data: Information shared by the patient.
Objective data: Information obtained through observation (sight, touch, smell).

Physical Health and Aging

The largest organ of the body is the skin.
Normal breath sounds include Bronchovesicular, Bronchial, and Vesicular.

Geriatrics

Geriatrics is the medical specialty addressing problems related to aging.
Elderly patients may exhibit atypical disease symptoms compared to younger individuals.

Communication and Legal Aspects

Employ open posture during patient interactions.
Nurses should provide support rather than give direct advice.
The ISBAR technique (Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) ensures structured communication.

Licensure and Regulation

Each state mandates its own Nurse Practice Act, defining licensure requirements.
Florida's first Nurse Practice Act was established in 1913.

Professional Standards and Ethics

The ANA code of ethics outlines guidelines for nursing behavior.
Informed consent is primarily the responsibility of the physician, while nurses serve as witnesses.

Malpractice and Tort Law

Tort refers to unintentional acts of malpractice or negligence.
Malpractice elements include Duty, Breach of Duty, Causation, and Damages.

Abuse and Neglect

Abuse is the maltreatment of one person by another; family members comprise 90% of abusers.
Signs of elder abuse include bruises, fractures, and poor hygiene.
Child abuse can manifest as physical injuries and emotional neglect.

Mental Health and Cognition

Delirium is characterized by disturbed consciousness and rapid cognitive change, often linked to various medical conditions.
Parkinson's disease results from neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, altering dopamine balance.
Huntington's disease is genetic, leading to cognitive decline and movement issues.
Wernicke's Encephalopathy occurs due to thiamine deficiency in alcoholics.

Developmental Psychology

Early signs of dementia involve memory loss and difficulty with tasks; stages range from no symptoms to severe decline with inability to swallow.
Erikson's Eight Stages of Development outline psychosocial challenges across the lifespan.

Cultural and Spiritual Awareness

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's customs are superior.
Spirituality refers to self-awareness and connection to a higher being; this can involve experiences of transcendence.

Grief and Loss

Kubler-Ross stages of grief: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance.

Cultural Practices

Respect for family and elders is central in Asian cultures; Hinduism views life extension skeptically.
Islam emphasizes modesty and prayer, while Judaism mandates quick burial after death.

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Description

Explore fundamental systems and theories in nursing, focusing on core concepts such as health, environment, and individual needs. This quiz covers Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and the impact of stress on well-being. Test your knowledge on how these elements interplay in nursing practice.