10 Questions
What is the cause of blue skin pigmentation?
Increased amount of deoxygenated haemoglobin
What is the mechanism of yellow skin pigmentation in carotenaemia?
Exaggerated exogenous supply of beta-carotene
What is the cause of red skin pigmentation due to fever?
Increased amount of oxyhaemoglobin
What is the cause of brown skin pigmentation due to sun exposure?
Increased amount of melanin
What is the cause of yellow skin pigmentation in liver diseases?
Increased amount of bilirubin
What is the cause of pale skin in carotenaemia?
Decreased amount of melanin
What is the characteristic of a spot?
Flat and non-palpable
What is the term for a skin lesion that affects a specific area of the skin?
Focal skin lesion
What is the characteristic of a papule?
Raised and palpable
What is the term for a skin lesion that affects the entire skin?
Generalized skin lesion
Study Notes
Skin Pigmentation
- Brown skin pigmentation results from increased melanin, caused by exposure to the sun, pregnancy, and Addison's disease.
- Blue skin pigmentation occurs due to increased deoxygenated hemoglobin, caused by cardiac and pulmonary diseases, and low ambient temperature.
- Red skin pigmentation occurs due to increased oxyhemoglobin, caused by fever, high ambient temperature, alcohol consumption, and local inflammation.
- Yellow skin pigmentation occurs due to increased bilirubin, caused by liver diseases, haemolysis, and carotenaemia.
- White or pale skin pigmentation occurs due to decreased melanin, caused by leucoderma, albinism, hypovolemic shock, and nephrotic syndrome.
Characteristic of the Skin
- Skin characteristics include moisture, temperature, surface, mobility, and tension.
- Moisture can be wet or dry, while temperature can be cold or warm.
- Surface can be smooth or rough, and mobility refers to the ease of moving the skin fold.
- Tension refers to the speed at which the skin fold returns to normal.
Skin Lesions
- Skin lesions can be anatomically located and composed of various types, including freckles, spots, blisters, and lumps.
- Lesions can be localized (focal) or generalized (diffuse) and can be classified by their composition and type.
- Examples of skin lesions include shingles and primary skin lesions, which are a direct result of skin disease processes.
Primary Skin Lesions
- Primary skin lesions include spots, which are small or big, separated, flat, and impossible to palpate, with a local change in skin color.
- Palpable, solid lesions include papules, such as acne.
- Other types of primary skin lesions include macules, patches, plaques, wheals, and vesicles.
This quiz covers the physical examination of the skin, including pigmentation, causes, and medical conditions. It's a nursing skills lab exercise from MUG.
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