Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a primary focus area for research funding by professional nursing organizations?

  • Improving healthcare technology.
  • Development of new pharmaceutical drugs.
  • Patient safety and nursing education. (correct)
  • Addressing infectious disease outbreaks.

What is a key way in which professional nursing organizations facilitate nursing research, other than providing grants?

  • Directing funding towards pharmaceutical trials.
  • Providing networking opportunities to foster collaboration. (correct)
  • Managing federal research budgets.
  • Focusing primarily on state-level health concerns.

Which private sector entities are most likely to fund the development of medical device technologies through clinical trials?

  • Professional nursing organizations.
  • State health departments.
  • Pharmaceutical companies and medical device manufacturers. (correct)
  • Federal organizations such as the NIH.

State agencies typically focus their research funding on what kind of health challenges?

<p>Locally relevant health issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of research grants provided by federal organizations?

<p>Large-scale funding through competitive programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which federal agency is NOT mentioned as a source of funding for clinical nursing research?

<p>The Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research study focused on innovative methods to improve patient outcomes through technology would most likely receive funding from which source?

<p>Healthcare technology firms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research project would be directly supported by a professional nursing organization, aiming to improve healthcare within a specific field?

<p>A research project focusing on patient safety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing?

<p>To bridge the gap between research findings and practical nursing care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a key component of the definition of EBP?

<p>Nurse’s clinical experience, the most current research, and patient values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a 'formal, systematic way of answering a question' considered important in research?

<p>It provides a rigorous and objective method for gaining knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of nursing clinical research?

<p>To answer questions that lead to improvements in patient care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of observation in nursing practice?

<p>A vital tool for gathering important patient data and making informed decisions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does EBP aim to improve healthcare?

<p>By standardizing safe and effective healthcare practices and reducing inappropriate variation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does nursing research seek to analyze?

<p>Phenomena of interest with the scientific process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides being a care provider, what other roles might a nurse involved in clinical research take on?

<p>A collaborator, communicator, and patient navigator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best exemplifies a focus of the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)?

<p>Providing financial support for nursing-specific research studies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is most accurately described as the primary goal of public policy and evidence-based practice?

<p>To enhance national healthcare policies and improve clinical guidelines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do 'inclusion criteria' play in nursing clinical research?

<p>They specify the attributes of participants deemed acceptable for study participation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a specific population considered vulnerable and subject to strict legal and ethical research considerations?

<p>Prisoners involved in medical research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical guideline is most concerned with protecting patients from injury and harm?

<p>Beneficence, nonmaleficence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most crucial aspect of informed consent in a nursing study?

<p>Providing all study details in writing before the study begins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes ‘Step 0’ in the evidence-based practice model?

<p>Cultivating and embracing a spirit of inquiry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a 'gold-standard' experimental study used to test the effectiveness of interventions or treatments?

<p>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of randomization in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)?

<p>To reduce bias by distributing participant characteristics evenly across groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a clinical study, what does 'blinding' primarily aim to achieve?

<p>To reduce bias by concealing group assignments from study participants and/or researchers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of including a comparison group (control group) in an RCT?

<p>To provide an indicator of the intervention's effect compared to the standard or no intervention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of the 'I' in a PICOT question?

<p>The intervention, prognostic factor, or type of exposure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of a clinical question is represented by 'C' in the PICOT framework?

<p>The main alternative or comparison intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential components that must be included in every PICOT question?

<p>Patient, Intervention, Outcome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be a suitable database for retrieving evidence for clinical studies?

<p>PubMed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of evidence-based practice, what does the PICOT method help to formulate?

<p>A question specifically related to clinical situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When conducting a search for evidence, what is the primary purpose of using Boolean operators like 'AND'?

<p>To narrow the search results by combining different concepts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of resource provides the most critically appraised and summarized evidence?

<p>Filtered resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to critically appraise studies when evaluating evidence?

<p>To determine if the studies are valid, reliable, and applicable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might it be necessary to use unfiltered resources for research?

<p>When filtered resources are unavailable or you need specific, in-depth details from original research. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using filtered resources in research?

<p>They save time due to pre-evaluated evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a filtered resource?

<p>A systematic review. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After identifying your keywords and applying Boolean operators, what should be your next step in the search process?

<p>Apply filters to your search results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When manually searching within your results, what is an efficient method to determine if an article is relevant?

<p>Use abstracts and skim the article quickly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of appraising research evidence in nursing practice?

<p>To identify the strengths and weaknesses of a study and its resulting evidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of research evaluation, what does validity primarily assess?

<p>Whether the study is measuring what it intends to measure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does reliability in research primarily indicate?

<p>The stability, consistency, and repeatability of results. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When integrating evidence into practice, besides research findings, what other two sources of information are crucial?

<p>Clinical expertise and patient preferences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of disseminating research findings, after applying them to practice?

<p>To expand the evidence-based practice knowledge base and encourage learning and improvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential barrier to the smooth implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing?

<p>Resistance to changes in traditional patient care routines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After identifying high-quality evidence, what is the next recommended step in the Evidence-Based Practice process?

<p>To integrate the findings along with clinical expertise and patient preferences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the concepts of 'validity' and 'reliability' in research?

<p>Validity is about measuring the appropriate elements while reliability refers to the consistency in measuring correctly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

A process that combines the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to make decisions about patient care.

Research

The systematic and formal method of collecting data to answer questions or solve problems, often involving experiments, observations, and analysis.

Evidence

Information derived from research, expert opinions, or clinical knowledge, used to guide healthcare decisions.

Patient Preferences and Values

Refers to the patient's involvement in their care, including their preferences, values, and needs.

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Nursing Research

The use of a systematic and scientific process to analyze and understand phenomena related to nursing practice, education, and administration.

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Nursing Clinical Research

Research aimed at answering questions that will ultimately improve patient care, often involving clinical trials and interventions.

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Clinical Expertise

The ability of nurses to use their knowledge, skills, and experience to provide safe and effective care.

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Nursing Clinical Research Example (Research Questions)

A type of research that aims to answer specific questions about patient care, often involving clinical trials and interventions to test new treatments or therapies.

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Professional Nursing Organizations

Organizations like the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the National League for Nursing (NLN) provide funding for nursing research projects, including exploratory studies, doctoral research, and continuing education programs.

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Corporations (Private Sector)

Pharmaceutical companies, medical device manufacturers, and healthcare technology firms invest in clinical trials and research projects that aim to improve patient outcomes and enhance healthcare delivery through technology and service innovation.

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State Agencies

State health departments and state-level nursing boards allocate funding for research that tackles health issues specific to their region, like chronic diseases, outbreaks, maternal/child health, and health disparities.

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Federal Organizations

The National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) are major federal sources of funding for large-scale research projects.

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Research Grants & Scholarships

Grants awarded by professional nursing organizations to researchers can support various types of studies, including exploratory or pilot studies, doctoral research, and professional development.

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Networking & Collaboration

Networking opportunities provided by professional nursing organizations help researchers connect with other professionals and collaborate on projects.

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Focus Areas

Research funded by professional nursing organizations often focuses on areas like patient safety, nursing education, workforce development, and clinical interventions.

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Large-scale Research Grants

Federal agencies offer competitive grant programs that provide substantial funding for large-scale research projects.

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Inclusion Criteria

Criteria that participants must meet to be included in a study, ensuring they are suitable for the research question.

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Exclusion Criteria

Criteria that disqualify participants from a study, ensuring they are not at risk or unsuitable for the research.

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Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

A research study that explores the effectiveness of interventions or treatments by randomly assigning participants to groups, ensuring a fair comparison.

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Cohort Studies (Longitudinal Studies)

Studies that follow a group of people over time, observing changes and relationships within the group.

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Case-Control Studies

Studies that compare individuals with a specific condition to those without it, looking for factors that contribute to the condition.

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Case Series, Case Studies

Studies that gather information from a series of individuals with a similar condition, examining the commonalities.

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Animal Research

Research that utilizes animals as subjects to study biological processes and test interventions before human trials.

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Meta-analysis, Systematic Reviews

A combination of multiple research studies, often RCTs, to provide a more robust and reliable conclusion. It is considered a higher level of evidence for decision-making.

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PICOT

A systematic approach to framing a clinical question for evidence-based practice, using the components: Population (P), Intervention (I), Comparison (C), Outcome (O), and Time (T).

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Population (P)

The specific group or individuals being studied in a research question. This might be described by characteristics like age, disease, or condition.

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Intervention (I)

The treatment, intervention, or exposure being investigated in a research question. This could be a drug, therapy, or even a lifestyle change.

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Comparison (C)

A second intervention or group being compared to the primary intervention in a research question. This could be a standard treatment, placebo, or no intervention.

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Outcome (O)

The desired effect or outcome you want to see from the intervention. This could be improved health, reduced symptoms, or a specific change in a measurement.

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Time (T)

The timeframe over which the effects of the intervention are measured. This might be days, weeks, months, or even years.

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Retrieving Evidence

The process of searching for and finding high-quality research evidence to answer a clinical question. This involves accessing and evaluating relevant databases and studies.

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Filtered Resources

High-quality, summarized resources that have been critically appraised by experts, providing ready-to-use evidence.

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Unfiltered Resources

Original research studies that haven't been evaluated or summarized, providing detailed, raw data.

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PICOT Statement

A specific, focused research question that guides the search for evidence, including the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time frame.

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Keywords

Words used to search for information, such as "hypertension" or "low-sodium diet".

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Boolean Operators

Operators that combine search terms, such as "AND", "OR", and "NOT", to refine search results.

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Filtering Results

Applying filters to your search results to focus on specific types of evidence, such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

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Critically Appraising Studies

The process of critically evaluating the quality, reliability, and applicability of research studies to determine their validity.

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Validity

The extent to which a test or study measures what it is intended to measure. Imagine stepping on a scale to check your weight, it should measure your weight, not your height.

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Reliability

The consistency of a test or study. If you take the same exam twice, you should get similar scores. Example: If you weigh yourself multiple times on the same day, the scale should show the same weight.

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Significant Difference

The difference between the groups being compared in a study is significant enough to make a change in practice. For example, a new drug might have a statistically significant positive effect on patient outcomes.

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Dissemination of Evidence

The application of EBP findings into real-world practice, like developing new clinical protocols or educating colleagues. Sharing findings with others to promote learning and improvement.

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Barriers to EBP

Barriers to implementing EBP in practice. These challenges can include lack of time, funding, knowledge, resistance to change, or limited support.

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Critiquing Research

The ability to critically evaluate research articles to identify strengths and weaknesses. For example, assessing the validity and reliability of a study to determine if the findings are trustworthy.

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Study Notes

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Overview

  • EBP bridges research and nursing practice.
  • Research is a systematic approach to answering questions or addressing problems.
  • Evidence includes clinical knowledge, expert opinions, and research findings.
  • Definitions of EBP involve best current research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences & values.

Benefits of EBP

  • EBP reduces variations in healthcare practices, leading to more consistent care.
  • Standardizing safe and effective healthcare practices is crucial.
  • EBP improves patient safety and quality of healthcare.
  • It helps nurses understand the "why" behind existing processes and procedures.
  • Observation and clinical expertise are valuable tools for improving patient outcomes.

Definitions

  • Research systematically gathers information and objective facts to advance knowledge in a specific topic area.
  • Nursing research analyzes phenomena relevant to all aspects of nursing, including practice, education, and administration.
  • Clinical nursing research seeks answers to questions ultimately improving patient care.

Nursing Clinical Research

  • Nurses actively collaborate with healthcare teams to deliver high-quality care.
  • They support patients in navigating the healthcare environment and assuming their roles effectively.
  • Effective communication and collaboration are essential.

Benefits of EBP for Nurses

  • (This section is a question, no details provided)

Nursing Clinical Research Example Questions

  • How does patient-centered care influence recovery time in post-operative patients?
  • What are the effects of music therapy on anxiety levels for patients undergoing chemotherapy?
  • Does the use of aromatherapy improve sleep quality in patients with chronic pain?
  • Does early ambulation reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis in orthopedic surgery patients?
  • How does mindfulness-based stress reduction impact burnout among nurses working in intensive care units?
  • What is the effect of hourly rounding on the reduction of patient falls in hospital settings?
  • Do mobile apps for medication reminders improve adherence in elderly patients?

Nursing Clinical Research Techniques

  • Quantitative Research: Measures and quantifies variables; tests hypotheses; identifies relationships using numerical data (surveys, experiments, longitudinal studies).
  • Qualitative Research: Understands experiences, perspectives, and meanings using non-numerical data (interviews, focus groups, case studies).

Clinical Nursing Research: Funding

  • Funding for clinical research originates from various sources (e.g. professional nursing organizations, corporations, state agencies, federal organizations) each with specific priorities.

Professional Nursing Organizations

  • American Nurses Association (ANA) and National League for Nursing (NLN) are key organizations.
  • Funding characteristics include research grants and scholarships for exploratory, pilot studies, doctoral research, and continuing education in research methods.
  • Networking collaborations foster collaborations, improving healthcare, and nursing practices.

Corporations (Private Sector)

  • Pharmaceutical companies and medical device manufacturers fund clinical research, specifically trials related to new drugs, devices, or technologies.
  • Healthcare technology firms fund research to enhance healthcare delivery, efficiency, and patient outcomes through technology innovations.

State Agencies

  • State health departments & state-level nursing boards fund research targeting local health challenges, like chronic diseases, infectious disease outbreaks, maternal and child health, and health disparities.

Federal Organizations

  • National Institutes of Health (NIH), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) are major funders.
  • Research grants support clinical trials, basic science research, and nursing-specific studies.
  • Funding promotes improvements in clinical guidelines and evidence-based practices across healthcare.

Nursing Clinical Research: Participants

  • Researchers establish criteria (age, weight, gender, medical history, medications, etc.) for participants.
  • Inclusion and exclusion criteria are key considerations.
  • Vulnerable populations (human fetuses, neonates, children, prisoners, cognitively impaired individuals) require extra attention to ethical and legal considerations.
  • Research must adhere to ethical principles.
  • Respect for persons, beneficence & non-maleficence, and justice are crucial aspects.
  • Informed consent (full disclosure, withdrawal rights, written form) is essential.

Developing Evidence-Based Practice

  • Step 0: Cultivate a spirit of inquiry, promoting curiosity about the best available evidence.
  • Step 1: Develop a clinical question (using the PICOT format).
  • Step 2: Retrieve evidence (from appropriate databases).
  • Step 3: Evaluate evidence (assessing validity, reliability, and usefulness).
  • Step 4: Apply evidence (integrating with clinical expertise, respect patient values & preferences, and share findings for dissemination).

Step 1 PICOT question elements

  • P: Patient population or problem.
  • I: Intervention or exposure of interest.
  • C: Comparison intervention or control.
  • O: Outcome or effect.
  • T: Time frame.

Step 2 Retrieving Evidence

  • Searching various databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library).
  • Keyword searches and Boolean operators.
  • Prioritizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Step 3 Evaluating Evidence

  • Assessing the validity and reliability of research articles.
  • Considering the importance of the results.
  • Determining how the results can be used in patient care.
  • Understanding the differences between validity and reliability.

Step 4: Applying Evidence

  • Integrating findings with clinical expertise and patient preferences.
  • Ensuring personalized care through collaboration.
  • Sharing results with colleagues to promote learning and dissemination.

Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice

  • Resistance to change, lack of time, and funding constraints.
  • Patient preferences conflicting with evidence-based practices.
  • Limited knowledge or experience in evaluating evidence.
  • Lack of support from supervisors and personnel.

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Evidence-Based Practice PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the various sources of research funding available to nursing professionals. This quiz covers key areas such as private and federal funding, the role of professional nursing organizations, and the objectives of evidence-based practice in nursing. Sharpen your understanding of how research contributes to improving patient care.

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