Nursing Mobility and Musculoskeletal System

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle type is responsible for involuntary movement and is only found in the heart?

Skeletal

Voluntary

Smooth

Cardiac (correct)

What type of bone is primarily responsible for weight-bearing in the skeleton?

Irregular bones

Flat bones

Long bones (correct)

Short bones

What process involves the continuous replacement of old bone with new bone?

Remodeling (correct)

Repair

Development

Formation

Which classification of bone is characterized by a unique shape and found in the vertebrae?

Irregular bones Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle functions voluntarily and is attached to the skeleton by tendons?

Skeletal Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone provides mechanical protection for internal organs?

Flat bones Signup and view all the answers

What are the small, cube-shaped bones found in the wrists and ankles classified as?

Short bones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

Conduct nerve impulses Signup and view all the answers

What does the term mobility refer to?

The ability to move and perform activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nursing in relation to mobility?

To assist in preserving, maintaining, and restoring mobility Signup and view all the answers

How many muscles are there in the human body?

More than 600 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four properties of a muscle?

Flexibility Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a resting muscle is stimulated?

It becomes positively charged and active Signup and view all the answers

What is ambulation defined as?

The ability to walk from place to place independently Signup and view all the answers

What does contractibility refer to in muscle properties?

The ability to shorten and then relax Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in building and maintaining muscles?

High demand for oxygen and glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage in the body?

It offers flexibility and support in various areas. Signup and view all the answers

Which movement describes turning the palm upwards?

Supination Signup and view all the answers

What type of postural misalignment is characterized by an abnormally rounded upper back?

Kyphosis Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by prolonged immobility in the body?

Detrimental effects on major systems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements involves decreasing the angle between two bones?

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which postural misalignment describes the loss of curvature in the spine?

Flat back Signup and view all the answers

What describes the movement that involves pointing toes downward away from the body?

Plantarflexion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint movement involves moving a limb away from the baseline?

Abduction Signup and view all the answers

What are the initial impacts of immobility on joints?

Stiffness, pain, and limited range of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is activity intolerance?

An inadequate amount of energy to undergo necessary activities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes proper positioning?

Aligning the body in a neutral position to eliminate pressure points Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of prolonged immobility?

Formation of fibrofatty connective tissue and abnormal adhesions Signup and view all the answers

What is activity tolerance?

The ability to successfully complete a necessary activity without distress Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'venous stasis' refer to?

Stagnation of blood flow due to immobility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a goal of proper positioning and alignment?

Encouragement of excessive movement Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates proper body mechanics from improper body mechanics?

Proper mechanics involve using gravity to assist movement Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mobility/Activity

Dr. Paola Reyes is a DNP, PHN, CMSRN, CHEP
Mobility is another word for motion or movement
Bodies are designed for motion using muscles, skeleton, and nerves together
Nursing goals include preserving, maintaining, and restoring mobility as much as possible
Ambulation is the ability to walk from place to place independently

Musculoskeletal System

"Musculoskeletal" is a general term for muscles and the skeleton
The muscles provide the power for movement, and there are over 600 muscles in the human body
Muscles account for half of a person's weight
When contracted across a joint, muscles create force to pull against the skeleton
Muscles require large amounts of oxygen and glucose for function, making it difficult to maintain them

The Four Properties of a Muscle

Contractibility: The ability to shorten and relax
Excitability: Muscle fibers receive and respond to nerve/hormone stimulation. When stimulated, they become charged
Extensibility: The ability to stretch, simultaneously with other muscles contracting
Elasticity: The ability to return to the original state after contraction/extension.

Three Main Muscle Types

Cardiac: Located in the heart, involuntary
Smooth: Located in blood vessels, visceral organs; involuntary
Skeletal: Attached to bones by tendons; voluntary

Functions of a Muscle (Mnemonic)

M: Muscles
C: Contract and
P: Pull to
G: Generate
M: Movement

The Skeletal System

Made up of 206 different bones
Bones provide rigid structure and shape
Bones are the body's weight-bearing organ, providing protection
Bones support and protect internal organs and store minerals
Bones are composed of layers, not solid structures
Bones provide structure but can't move independently

Classifications of Bones

Long Bones: Weight-bearing, longer than wide (e.g., humerus)
Short Bones: Small and cube-shaped (e.g., wrist and ankle bones)
Flat Bones: Thin and flat (e.g., skull, ribs, sternum)
Irregular Bones: Unique shapes (e.g., vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)
Sesamoid Bones: Formed within tendons and provide protection (e.g., patella)

Remodeling

Once matured, bones constantly remodel, replacing old bone with new bone

Cartilage

A firm, yet flexible connective tissue
Found in many areas, such as ears, nose, larynx, ribs, intervertebral discs, knees, and ankles

Types of Movements

Flexion: Reduces the angle between bones
Extension: Straightens the limb
Abduction: Moves away from baseline
Adduction: Moves closer to baseline
Pronation: Turns to face backwards
Supination: Turns to face forward
Circumduction: Circular motion
Rotation: Side-to-side
Inversion: Turns inward
Eversion: Turns outward
Dorsiflexion: Draws toes upward
Plantarflexion: Points toes downward

Body Mechanics

The combined effort of skeletal and nervous systems
Involves maintaining posture, alignment, and balance
Knowledge of body movements and systems necessary for maximizing strength, minimizing strain
Good posture is important in good body mechanics

Types of Postural Misalignments

Lordosis: Inward curve of lower back, pelvis tilted anteriorly
Kyphosis: Abnormally rounded upper back, pelvis tilted forward
Flat Back: Loss of spine curvature, straightening of the back
Sway Back: Lower back and pelvis tilting forward, head positioned forward
Scoliosis: C- or S-shaped spine curvature

Immobility

Inability to move one or more body parts
Negatively affects all major bodily systems and may lead to dependence
Impacts include stiffness, pain, limited range of motion in joints
Causes fibrofatty tissue formation and abnormal joint adhesions that reduce nourishment
Prolonged immobility causes blood flow to slow (venous stasis), increasing clotting risk

Assessment of Mobility

Activity intolerance: Insufficient energy for activity
Activity tolerance: Ability to complete activity without distress
ADL (Activities of Daily Living): Essential skills needed for daily living, performed independently (personal care, etc.)

Proper Positioning

Intentional placement of the body or body parts
Aligns the body in a neutral position, supports natural curves, and avoids pressure points
Aims to prevent hyperextension, rotation, and promote client well-being and prevent harm

Proper Body Mechanics

Differentiating between proper and improper body mechanics
Important when performing any activity involving a client

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in nursing related to mobility and the musculoskeletal system. It explores the importance of movement, the role of muscles and skeleton, and the key properties of muscles. Perfect for nursing students seeking to enhance their understanding of human movement.