Nursing: Hospitalization of Clients with Chemical Burns

Rash and Skin Conditions

• Measles (Rubeola) is caused by the measles virus and is characterized by a rash, fever, and small red spots with a white center (Koplik's spots).
• Scarlet fever is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and is characterized by a rash, fever, and a "strawberry tongue."
• Rubella (German measles) is caused by the rubella virus and is characterized by a rash, fever, and joint pain.
• Filatow-Dukes disease is a rare skin condition characterized by a rash and fever.
• Erythema infectiosum (Fifth's disease) is a viral rash illness characterized by a "slapped cheek" appearance and a rash on the arms and legs.
• Roseola is a viral rash illness characterized by a high fever and a rash on the trunk and neck.

Burn Care

• Hospitalization is recommended for clients with chemical burns who have debilitating illnesses, involvement of the eyes, face, hands, feet, or perineum, or burns greater than 15% total body surface area (TBSA).
• The Parkland formula is used to calculate fluid requirements for burn clients: Fluid Requirements = TBSA burned (%) x weight (kg) x 4mL.
• The Rule of 9 is used to estimate the percentage of TBSA burned: head and neck (18%), each arm (9%), perineum (1%), trunk (front) (18%), trunk (back) (18%), and legs (18%).
• Clients with burns on the face and perineum are considered priorities for transfer to a burn unit.
• Burn triage involves assessing the severity of burns and prioritizing clients for transfer to a burn unit.
• Principles of burn care include blood volume replacement to prevent shock, urine output monitoring to assess for acute renal failure, respiratory monitoring to assess for compromised airway, nutritional modification to hasten tissue repair, and skin care to prevent infection.
• Lund-Browder diagrams are used to estimate accurate percentage of TBSA burned in children with burns.
• Burns greater than 20-25% TBSA require IV fluid resuscitation.
• Burns greater than 30-40% TBSA may be fatal without treatment.
• Elderly clients may die from small burns due to decreased physiological reserve.

This quiz focuses on the hospitalization of clients with chemical burns, considering factors such as debilitating illness and involvement of medical professionals. It is a crucial aspect of nursing care.