Nursing Chapter 7: Asepsis and Infection Control
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Questions and Answers

What is the greatest risk of exposure to tuberculosis?

  • Before a diagnosis is made (correct)
  • After implementation of isolation precautions
  • After the patient has begun medication therapy
  • After a diagnosis is made

    • Which numbered portion of the illustration below depicts the bacterial class bacilli?

  • 2
  • 3
  • 1
  • 5 (correct)
  • 4

    • A person can spread a bacterial infection by which actions? (Select all that apply.)

  • Coming in contact with blood products
  • Donating blood
  • Leaving used tissue on the lavatory (correct)
  • Sneezing at work (correct)
  • Kissing others (correct)

    • What are some characteristics of microorganisms? (Select all that apply.)

    <p>May be infectious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some bacteria are capable of defending against antibiotics by the formation of a?

    <p>capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of asepsis destroys all microorganisms and their spores?

    <p>surgical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true regarding surgical asepsis?

    <p>It is known as a sterile technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action exemplifies a nurse practicing medical asepsis in performing daily care?

    <p>Keeping bed linens off the floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bacteria can lie dormant when conditions for growth are not favorable?

    <p>Spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a culture and sensitivity test determine?

    <p>Which antibiotics stop bacterial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bacterium is responsible for more diseases than any other organism?

    <p>Streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional complication does a disease caused by a virus have compared to a disease caused by bacteria?

    <p>Is not killed by antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes ringworm?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse be diligent in to provide a safe environment for the patient?

    <p>Hand hygiene between patient contacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nurse describe when giving an example of a fomite vehicle?

    <p>Contaminated stethoscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action indicates the need for further instruction in wound cleaning?

    <p>Cleaning the area from the outside in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection is a urinary tract infection (UTI) considered when a patient admitted with pneumonia develops it?

    <p>Health care-associated infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient has a systemic infection?

    <p>40-year-old with AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment is recognized as an inflammatory response in a surgical wound?

    <p>Rubor and edema appear around the wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the focus of an in-service on the control of health care-associated infections be?

    <p>Educating hospital personnel about aseptic practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indicated treatment when a health care worker is stuck by a needle left on the patient's bedside table?

    <p>Hepatitis B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique should the nurse use when disposing of linens contaminated with feces?

    <p>Don gloves only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What preventive technique for breaking the chain of infection is most important?

    <p>Hand hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should the nurse perform hand hygiene before beginning care of a patient?

    <p>30 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the nurse change masks while performing complex patient care?

    <p>20-30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse use to discard a used syringe?

    <p>Puncture-proof container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention should the nurse implement when transporting a patient in respiratory isolation?

    <p>Apply a mask to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse do to help minimize feelings of psychological or emotional deprivation in an isolated patient?

    <p>Spend extra time with the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation demonstrates the need for more instruction on surgical asepsis?

    <p>Touching the edges of the sterile field with sterile gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What direction should the label on a sterile solution bottle be in for appropriate technique?

    <p>In the palm of the hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to kill all microorganisms, including spores?

    <p>Sterilizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse spray blood spilled from a specimen container with after donning gloves?

    <p>10% bleach solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory result is indicative of an infection?

    <p>Increased white blood cell count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the nurse consistently performing hand hygiene and using sterile supplies?

    <p>Risk of infection is reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nonspecific to specific symptom stage of an infection?

    <p>Prodromal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most dependable method for sterilizing instruments for the operating room?

    <p>Steam under pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contribution did Joseph Lister make to medical practice?

    <p>Aseptic technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever contracted?

    <p>It is a serious disease contracted from the bite of a tick.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely type of infection in a puncture wound of the foot?

    <p>Anaerobic bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can anthrax be transmitted?

    <p>Through inhalation of the spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What example will the nurse provide as an example of a vector?

    <p>Tick whose bite causes Lyme disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism causes malaria?

    <p>Protozoan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment finding is consistent with tuberculosis?

    <p>Hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Surgical Asepsis and Medical Asepsis

    • Surgical asepsis, also known as sterile technique, is vital for preventing infections during procedures.
    • Medical asepsis focuses on cleanliness and preventing the spread of pathogens; keeping bed linens off the floor exemplifies this.

    Bacterial Forms and Infections

    • Bacteria can form spores, which are dormant states occurring under unfavorable conditions; spores allow for survival in harsh environments.
    • Sensitivity tests help determine which antibiotics effectively stop bacterial growth, crucial for targeted treatments.

    Common Bacteria and Their Impact

    • Streptococcus is the leading bacterium responsible for a wide array of diseases compared to other organisms.

    Viral vs. Bacterial Infections

    • Viral infections, unlike bacterial ones, are not treatable with antibiotics; they require different management strategies.
    • Ringworm, often a concern for patients, is caused by fungi, not worms or other pathogens.

    Infection Prevention Practices

    • Hand hygiene is the most important measure in breaking the chain of infection, essential for nurses between patient interactions.
    • A fomite, such as a contaminated stethoscope, can serve as a vehicle for transmitting infections.

    Recognizing Inflammatory Responses

    • Signs of inflammation in surgical wounds include rubor (redness) and edema (swelling); these indicate potential infections.

    Infection Control Education

    • Staff education on aseptic practices is fundamental for controlling health care-associated infections in practice settings.

    Needlestick Injuries and Response

    • Needlestick injuries require prompt reporting and treatment, specifically for managing potential exposure to hepatitis B.

    Proper Handling of Contaminated Materials

    • When disposing of linens contaminated with feces, standard precautions require only the use of gloves, not more extensive protective measures.

    Psychological Considerations in Isolation

    • Patients in isolation may experience psychological distress; spending extra time with these patients helps alleviate feelings of deprivation.

    Aseptic Technique Observations

    • It is crucial not to touch the edges of a sterile field as they are considered non-sterile, emphasizing the need for strict adherence to surgical asepsis.

    Sterilization Methods

    • Sterilization effectively eliminates all microorganisms, including spores, with steam under pressure being the most dependable method.

    Transmission of Diseases

    • Rocky Mountain spotted fever is contracted through tick bites; it is not contagious among humans.
    • Malaria results from protozoa transmitted by mosquito bites; understanding vectors is essential for disease prevention.

    Identifying Infections in Patients

    • Tuberculosis symptoms include hemoptysis (coughing up blood), with greatest exposure risk occurring before a diagnosis is made.

    Infection Control Standards

    • Correct disposal of sharp instruments requires designated puncture-proof containers to avoid injury and contamination.

    General Microorganism Characteristics

    • Microorganisms can be infectious and may enter the body through various routes such as skin, air, or blood; pathogens specifically lead to diseases.

    Bacterial Transmission Methods

    • Bacterial infections can spread through actions like kissing, sneezing, or improper disposal of tissues, highlighting the importance of hygiene practices.### Characteristics of Microorganisms
    • Antibiotic resistance is a concern; some bacteria can defend against antibiotics.
    • Bacteria may form a capsule, a sticky protein layer that blocks antibiotic entry into the cell.

    Bacterial Capsules

    • Capsules enhance bacterial survival by preventing antibiotic penetration.
    • Understanding bacterial structures is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

    Asepsis

    • Surgical asepsis entails the complete destruction of all microorganisms and their spores.
    • Essential for maintaining sterile conditions in surgical settings to prevent infections.

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    Test your knowledge on asepsis and infection control with these flashcards from Nursing Chapter 7. Understand the principles of surgical and medical asepsis, as well as their applications in practice. Perfect for nursing students preparing for exams.

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