Fundamentals of Nursing Chapters 1-6

Nursing as an Art and Science

• Nursing involves delivering care with compassion and respect for patient dignity.
• It is grounded in a constantly evolving body of knowledge and evidence.

Patricia Benner's Model

• Developed the Model of Skill Acquisition in nursing: Novice → Beginner → Competent → Proficient → Expert.

Standards of Practice

• Assessment: Collecting and analyzing patient data.
• Diagnosis: Identifying patient problems.
• Outcomes Identification: Setting achievable goals.
• Planning: Developing measurable outcomes.
• Implementation: Coordinating care and providing health education.
• Evaluation: Measuring progress towards outcomes.

Nursing Process

• Serves as the foundation for clinical decision making.

Critical Thinking in Nursing

• Involves interpreting scientific knowledge and integrating clinical experience into practice.

Professional Responsibilities

• Key roles include Manager, Educator, Communicator, Caregiver, Advocate, and ensuring Autonomy and Accountability.

Autonomy and Accountability

• Nurses perform independent interventions while accepting professional and legal responsibility for care quality.

Caregiver Role

• Nurses help patients regain health and maintain independence through various interventions.

Advocacy in Nursing

• Protecting patients’ human and legal rights.

Educator Role

• Nurses explain health concepts, routine procedures, and assess patients' learning progress.

Communication in Nursing

• Essential for building relationships with patients.

Managerial Role

• Nurses create a collaborative environment and oversee staff activities.

Nursing Actions to Increase Autonomy

• Emphasizes dependent (physician-initiated), interdependent (collaborative), and independent (nurse-initiated) actions.

Performance Improvement

• A structured approach to analyze and enhance health care processes to improve quality and safety.

Sentinel Events

• Unexpected patient death or serious injury that necessitates performance improvement review.

Root Cause Analysis

• Investigative process conducted after events to determine the underlying causes.

Health Care History

• Understanding nursing history aids in comprehending the social and intellectual roots of the discipline.

Florence Nightingale

• Recognized as the founder of modern nursing and the first practicing epidemiologist.

QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses)

• Addresses competency challenges and aims for improved quality of care.

Impact of Emerging Technologies

• Enhances communication and relationships in nursing without replacing essential nursing care.

Genomics in Nursing

• Focuses on the study of genes and their interactions with health; informs nurses about patient risk factors.

Public Perception of Nursing

• The care approach influences how the public views nursing professionals.

Nursing's Role in Health Policy

• Increasing political awareness among nurses enhances their influence on health policy.

Health Care Delivery Challenges

• Balancing quality care with cost reduction while improving patient outcomes.

Components of Health Care Delivery

• Traditional levels include preventative, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing care.

Preventative Care

• Aims to enhance population health by controlling risk factors; examples include immunizations and screenings.

Levels of Health Care

• Described as primary (general health maintenance), secondary (specialized acute care), and tertiary (serious illness management).

Restorative Care

• Focuses on recovery and maintenance of optimal function and quality of life; includes home care and rehabilitation services.

Continuing Care

• Provides ongoing support for patients who are disabled, terminally ill, or have chronic conditions; includes various settings such as assisted living and hospice care.

Patient Satisfaction

• A crucial aspect influencing health care quality and costs; connected to hospital reimbursements.

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

• Aims to improve health care access and quality while lowering costs through preventive care initiatives.

Patient-Centered Care (PCC) Values

• Emphasizes coordination, access, respect, education, involvement, continuity, and emotional support.

Magnet Recognition Program

• Acknowledges healthcare organizations outstanding in nursing excellence and leadership.

Community-Based Nursing

• Focuses on acute and chronic care within the community, enhancing health through promotion and disease prevention.

Vulnerable Populations

• Candidates who may experience increased health risks and limited access to care; include the poor, elderly, disabled, and mentally ill.

Competency in Nursing

• Involves applying the nursing process and critical thinking to provide individualized care effectively.

Community Assessment

• A methodical evaluation of community health needs and the dissemination of pertinent information.

Theoretical Foundations in Nursing

• The relationship between theory, practice, and research forms the basis of nursing as an art and science.

Evidence-Based Practice

• Utilizes systematic evidence to inform clinical decisions, improving patient care, outcomes, and cost efficiency.

Performance Improvement Revisited

• A structured analysis approach to enhance health care-related processes for better outcomes.

Test your understanding of the fundamentals of nursing with these flashcards covering the key concepts from Chapters 1 to 6. Learn how nursing combines both art and science, as well as the significant contributions of notable figures like Patricia Benner. Perfect for nursing students seeking to reinforce their knowledge.