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What is biochemistry?
The study of the chemical substances found in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other.
Which of the following terms is also referred to as physiological chemistry?
All Earth organisms require liquid water.
True
What is homeostasis?
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What are some examples of homeostasis in humans?
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Why is understanding biochemistry important for nurses?
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Homeostasis refers to any automatic process that a living thing uses to keep its body steady on the inside while continuing to adjust to conditions outside the body or in its ______.
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What happens if the internal body temperature climbs too high?
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What is the central part of an atom called?
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What are the three fundamental subatomic particles?
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Electrons have a positive charge.
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The number of protons in an atom is equal to its atomic ______.
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The mass number (A) is equal to the number of ______ plus the number of neutrons.
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Which of the following particles is found outside the nucleus?
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What does the atomic number represent?
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Neutrons have a charge.
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What is the charge of a proton?
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Study Notes
Biochemistry
- The study of the chemical and physical processes occurring in living organisms
- Focuses on chemical substances in living organisms and their interactions
- Also known as biological chemistry or physiological chemistry
- Explores the molecular basis of life
Importance of Biochemistry in Nursing
- Understanding biochemistry is crucial for nurses to understand normal body processes and identify disease-related alterations
- Aids in providing effective medical treatment for patients
- Helps nurses understand and care for patients with conditions like:
- Galactose intolerance
- Jaundice
- Amino acid metabolic disorders
- Diabetes mellitus
What Does Life Require?
- Liquid water
- Common set of biological molecules
- Ability to maintain homeostasis
- Capacity to evolve
Homeostasis
- Describes a dynamic state of equilibrium in which internal conditions remain relatively stable
- Maintains constant internal conditions regardless of external changes
- Components:
- Receptor: Senses internal conditions
- Set point: Target value for internal conditions
- Control center: Processes information and sends instructions to effectors
- Effector: Makes changes to internal conditions
- Examples in humans:
- Blood sugar regulation via insulin
- Body temperature regulation by the hypothalamus
- Immune system function
- Blood pressure regulation
- pH balance maintained by lungs and kidneys
- Regulation of breathing
Biochemistry and Homeostasis
- Understanding normal and abnormal metabolite levels crucial for healthcare professionals
- Supports maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance in patients
- All organs and tissues work to maintain homeostasis
- Disease conditions can disrupt homeostasis
Atomic Structure
- The atom is the smallest unit of an element.
- It consists of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons.
- The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
- The nucleus is extremely small compared to the size of the atom but contains most of the atom's mass.
- Protons:
- found in the nucleus
- carry a positive charge
- equal in magnitude to the electron's negative charge.
- Neutrons:
- found in the nucleus
- carry no charge
- have a mass virtually the same as a proton.
- Electrons:
- found outside the nucleus
- carry a negative charge.
Atomic Number
- The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus.
- The atomic number determines the identity of an element.
- The atomic number is the whole number given in each block of the Periodic Table.
Mass Number
- The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- Units are g/mol.
- All atoms of a given element have the same number of protons, therefore the same atomic number.
- Atoms of a given element can differ in the number of neutrons (isotopes) and mass number.
Nuclear Atomic Symbols
- The atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons.
- The mass number (A) represents the number of protons and neutrons.
- The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number:
- A = number of neutrons + number of protons.
Carbon Atom
- Carbon atoms have 6 protons and 6 electrons.
- The atomic number is usually omitted because it is always 6 for carbon atoms.
- The mass number is a superscript on the left of the atomic symbol.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential connections between biochemistry and nursing practices. It covers the chemical processes in living organisms and highlights the importance of understanding these concepts for effective patient care in various medical conditions. Test your knowledge on how biochemistry influences healthcare and nursing responsibilities.
