Nursing History and Benner's Stages of Expertise

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Questions and Answers

What was a significant change in the role of nurses over time?

Nurses prioritize administrative tasks over patient care.

Nurses have evolved into independent, collaborative professionals with distinct responsibilities. (correct)

Nurses have remained unchanged in their role as assistants.

Nurses shifted from independent practitioners to closely following physicians.

Who were the founding figures of the first nursing program at UBC?

Dr. Helen Preston Glass and Dr. Clara Barton

Dr. Margaret Elder Hart and Dr. Helen Preston Glass (correct)

Dr. Margaret Elder Hart and Dr. Florence Nightingale

Dr. Florence Nightingale and Dr. Helen Preston Glass

Which of the following is NOT a component of the scope and roles of a Registered Nurse?

Providing lawyer services (correct)

Promote Health and Wellness

Restoring Health

Preventing Illness

What social force is identified as influencing nursing education and practice?

Oppression relating to race, sexuality, gender, and social class Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages in Benner's model of expertise in nursing practice?

Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of registered nurses as advocates?

Supporting clients to voice their needs Signup and view all the answers

Which quality is essential for a nurse to effectively connect with clients?

Ability to think critically Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in evidence-informed practice?

Conducting research and collecting data Signup and view all the answers

What does reflexivity in nursing practice entail?

Considering the underlying assumptions of practices Signup and view all the answers

Involving clients in which aspect of their healthcare is important for promoting autonomy?

Evaluating health services together Signup and view all the answers

Which communication style is characterized by honesty and openness while remaining direct?

Assertive Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in building and maintaining a therapeutic relationship?

Trust Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves asking if your interpretation of a perception was accurate?

Perception Checking Signup and view all the answers

How is professional communication in therapeutic settings generally characterized?

It is paid and follows ethical standards. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the four elements of a negligence claim against nurses?

Duty of care, injury, causation, breach of care Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to culturally safe communication?

Being judgmental Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility included in professional conduct?

Documenting all patient interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the CRNS in nursing practice?

Set standards to ensure public safety Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key aspect of professional identity in nursing?

Empathy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laws is considered a federal law governing healthcare in Canada?

Canada Health Act Signup and view all the answers

What should nurses consistently do to minimize legal risks in their practice?

Document everything thoroughly Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for conducting negotiations and job actions for nurses in Saskatchewan?

Saskatchewan Union of Nurses Signup and view all the answers

Which component is specifically included in the duty to report?

Client's right to know Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of nursing practice focuses on understanding and applying ethical principles in patient care?

Ethical Signup and view all the answers

Which ability is primarily demonstrated by establishing a genuine connection with clients?

The ability to establish a meaningful connection with the client Signup and view all the answers

Which ability encompasses the integration of nursing principles and techniques into practice?

The ability to skillfully perform nursing activities Signup and view all the answers

What does the ability to rationally determine an appropriate course of nursing action involve?

Action-oriented reasoning and sound judgment Signup and view all the answers

Which ability emphasizes the importance of self-reflection and compassion in nursing?

Personal understanding Signup and view all the answers

What does the ability to morally conduct one’s practice involve?

Making ethical choices and avoiding harm Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total impact of a message is due to non-verbal behavior?

93% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier to listening?

Logical Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is NOT part of the STOP/LOOK/LISTEN approach to enhance listening?

Use memory techniques Signup and view all the answers

In the Transaction Model of communication, which element refers to the person conveying the message?

Sender Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a psychological barrier to listening?

Stress Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of establishing rapport with clients?

Being warm and respectful Signup and view all the answers

Which element in the Transaction Model is affected by disruptions in communication such as background noise?

Channel Signup and view all the answers

How should a nurse ensure effective communication with a client during their shift?

Communicate frequently and update the client Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a component of effective listening strategies?

Give distractions priority Signup and view all the answers

Which element in the communication process specifically relates to the recipient of the message?

Receiver Signup and view all the answers

What does fitness to practice in nursing refer to?

All qualities relevant to an individual's ability to practice nursing. Signup and view all the answers

Which document is NOT a key document of the CRNS that regulates nursing?

Nursing Code of Ethics Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of professional regulation primarily aimed at?

Establishing and enforcing rules to safeguard public safety. Signup and view all the answers

How do regulatory bodies influence nursing education?

They set requirements that students must learn to ensure safe patient care. Signup and view all the answers

What is self-regulation in the context of a nursing profession?

The profession governs its own members. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of regulatory bodies in nursing?

Directly providing patient care. Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest group size for small group communication?

2 persons Signup and view all the answers

Which of these levels of communication involves spiritual questions and life purpose?

Transpersonal Signup and view all the answers

What attribute must a nurse possess under the concept of fitness to practice?

Being free from impairing conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What does confidentiality and privacy in nursing primarily protect?

Client consent to care and personal information. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nursing History

Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing remain relevant today, rooted in science, emphasizing equality of care and fairness in treatment.
The first university nursing program in Canada was established in 1919 at UBC by Dr. Margaret Elder Hart and Dr. Helen Preston Glass.
Dr. Hart served as director of the School of Nursing in Manitoba for 24 years, and Dr. Glass successfully advocated for RNs to be included in the Health Act in 1984.

Benner's Five Stages of Expertise

Novice: Beginners with limited experience, relying on rules and procedures.
Advanced Beginner: Some experience, starting to make independent judgments.
Competent: Able to plan and coordinate care, using experience and knowledge.
Proficient: See patterns and have a holistic understanding of the client's situation.
Expert: Highly skilled, adaptable, and intuitive in decision-making, acting instinctively.

Oppression based on race, sexuality, gender, and social class significantly impacts nursing education and practice.

Scope and Roles of a Registered Nurse

Promote Health and Wellness: Encourage healthy behaviors, educate on prevention.
Prevent Illness: Identify risks, administer vaccines, provide health screenings.
Restore Health: Provide direct care, administer medications, manage pain.
Role of the RN: Advocate for clients, collaborate with healthcare professionals, coordinate care, and educate clients and families.

Nursing Advocacy

Registered nurses act as advocates for clients, ensuring their needs are met and they receive optimal health outcomes.
Nurses support clients unable to advocate for themselves, promoting their best interests.

Nursing Research

Considered a fundamental pillar of nursing practice.
Utilizes evidence-informed practice, involving data collection, information gathering, and research to support decision-making.

Qualities and Skills of a Nurse

Reflection: Critically analyzing personal values and experiences to deepen understanding.
Reflexivity: Examining assumptions and values guiding nursing practice for continual improvement.
Manual Skill: Proficiency in technical nursing procedures.
Connection with Clients: Developing rapport, empathy, and active listening skills.
Critical Thinking: Using sound judgment, problem-solving, and decision-making in practice.

Dimensions of Nursing Art and Science

Empirical: Factual knowledge based on scientific principles.
Personal: Empathy, compassion, self-reflection, and self-understanding.
Ethical: Adhering to ethical principles in all care situations.
Aesthetic: Recognizing the holistic experience of caring for the client.

Nursing Professionalism and Legal Considerations

Professional Identity: Acting with confidence, integrity, and empathy, adhering to professional standards and codes of ethics.
Duty to Report: Adheres to legal and ethical obligations to report abuse or harm.
Professional Conduct: Upholding ethical guidelines, respecting confidentiality, and providing informed consent.
Negligence: Negligence claims against nurses require evidence of duty of care, injury, causation, and breach of care.

Governing Laws in Healthcare

Canada Health Act: Federal law governing healthcare in Canada.
Standard of Care: Legal standard outlining the expected level of care from nurses.
Common Law: Legal principles established through court decisions.
Error of Judgment: Mistakes made in good faith, using best available knowledge.
Informed Consent: Clients must understand proposed treatments before making informed decisions.

Role of CRNS in Safe Nursing Practice

Regulates nursing practice in Saskatchewan.
Sets standards to ensure public safety.
Enforces safe, competent, and ethical nursing care through regulation.

Professional Organizations, Regulatory Bodies, and Unions

CNA (Canadian Nurses Association): Promotes and enhances the role of RNs in Canada.
SUN (Saskatchewan Union of Nurses): Represents nurses' interests, negotiating contracts and resolving grievances.
ICN (International Council of Nurses): Advocates for global nursing.
CRNS (College of Registered Nurses of Saskatchewan): Sets the scope of practice for RNs in Saskatchewan.

Fitness to Practice

This includes an individual's physical, mental, emotional, and cognitive capabilities to practice nursing safely, free from impairment.

Key Documents of CRNS

Standards of Practice and Competencies: Outline the expected level of practice for registered nurses, protecting the public.
Scope of Practice: Defines the legal boundaries of what each registered nurse can do in their practice.

Professional Regulation

Self-regulation: Professionals regulate their own members.
Goal: Safeguard the public and ensure competent, ethical practice.

Influence of Regulatory Bodies on Nursing Education

Education: Determines the necessary curriculum to ensure nurses are adequately prepared to provide safe care.
Duty to Provide Care: Ensures nurses are prepared to meet legal and ethical obligations.
Key Requirements: Confidentiality, privacy, informed consent, and reporting requirements.
Ensuring Quality Standards: Sets standards for safe, competent, and ethical nursing practice.

Levels of Communication

Intra: Communication within oneself, involving thoughts and internal dialogue.
Transpersonal: Communication reflecting spiritual or philosophical beliefs about life.
Interpersonal: Communication between two individuals.
Small Group: Communication involving 2-15 individuals.
Public: Communication directed at a larger audience, such as a presentation or lecture.

Communication Concepts

Verbal Language: Words and their meanings significantly impact communication.
Non-Verbal Language: Body language, vocal tone, and gestures contribute 93% of message impact.
Communication Process: Involves sender, receiver, noise, message, channel, and feedback.

Barriers to Listening

Physiological: Physiological factors affecting hearing, such as pain or hunger.
Psychological: Emotional states or personal biases impacting comprehension.
Environmental/External: Distractions such as noise or temperature.
Semantic: Language barriers or complex terminology.

Strategies for Listening

STOP/LOOK/LISTEN: Minimize distractions, show empathy, practice self-awareness, and manage emotions.

Strategies to Build Rapport with Clients

Introduce yourself and explain your role.
Learn the client's name and show genuine interest.
Establish trust and comfort through kindness, respect, and openness.
Communicate regularly and provide updates throughout the shift.

Trust in Therapeutic Relationships

Trust is a fundamental value in therapeutic relationships, fostering open communication and collaboration.

Differentiating Communication Styles

Assertive: Direct, honest, and respectful communication.
Passive (Non-assertive): Submissive, avoids conflict, and has low self-esteem.
Aggressive: Blaming, confrontational, and lacks respect for others.

Factors Influencing Communication

Perception: How individuals interpret and understand information can vary based on personal experiences, biases, and values.
Perception Process: Involves selection, organization, interpretation, and perception checking.

Demonstrating Culturally Safe Communication

Non-Judgmental Acceptance: Accept individuals without judgment and awareness of potential biases.
Attention to Discrimination: Be sensitive to experiences of discrimination.
Honesty and Transparency: Acknowledge mistakes and maintain openness.
Language Accessibility: Ensure individuals can communicate in their preferred language.

Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Techniques

Verbal: Pace, intonation, clarity, brevity, adaptability, credibility, and humor.
Nonverbal: Eye contact, gestures, facial expression, proxemics.

Personal vs. Professional Communication

Professional: Regulated by ethics and professional standards.
Personal: Driven by individual values and beliefs.

Therapeutic Communication Techniques

Therapeutic: Open-ended questions, clarification, probing, paraphrasing, sharing observations, silence, summarizing.
Non-Therapeutic: Giving advice, closed-ended questions, changing the subject, automatic responses, expressing approval or disapproval, belittling feelings, and defensive responses.

Appropriate Boundaries for Professional Relationships

Maintain professional boundaries by avoiding personal relationships, social media interactions, self-disclosure, and exchange of gifts.

Communication Approaches for Clients with Additional Needs

Consider the client's time and workload demands.
Demonstrate compassion and kindness.
Utilize universal precautions to ensure safe and effective communication.

Phases of Therapeutic Relationship

Pre-orientation: Maintain a non-judgmental approach upon entering the room.
Orientation: Make a positive first impression, identify yourself, and explain confidentiality.
Working: Utilize therapeutic communication techniques, actively listen, and empower the client.
Termination: Discuss the end of the relationship, answer questions, and ensure a smooth transition.

Therapeutic Communication and Relational Practice

Relational Practice: Building a strong connection with the client based on trust and respect.
Importance of Self-Disclosure: Limited self-disclosure is appropriate if it benefits the client (sharing name and title is acceptable).

Confidentiality

Confidentiality in therapeutic relationships: Maintaining privacy and respecting sensitive information shared by clients.
Importance: Building trust and ensuring the client feels safe to share information.

Incivility, Lateral Violence, and Bullying

Incivility: Rude or disrespectful behavior.
Lateral Violence: Abuse or aggression directed at colleagues at the same level.
Bullying: Abusive treatment of someone in a vulnerable position.

Compassion Fatigue, Vicarious Trauma, and Burnout

Compassion Fatigue: Stress from helping those suffering.
Vicarious Trauma: Change in the service provider from prolonged empathetic engagement with trauma.
Burnout: Depletion of resources due to prolonged striving toward unrealistic expectations.

Connecting Self-Care, Self-Assessment, and Patient Safety

Self-care and self-assessment are essential for maintaining emotional regulation, preventing errors, and ensuring patient safety.

Conflict Resolution Strategies

Controlling: Focus on the issue, use "I" language, and demonstrate assertiveness.
Equals: Collaboration, emotional intelligence, and building trust and respect.

Winning Win Solution Approach

Collaborative, open, and respectful approach to conflict resolution.
Steps involve identifying positions, understanding needs, clarifying information, brainstorming solutions, discussing impacts, agreeing on a solution, and documenting the agreement.

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Description

Explore the rich history and evolution of nursing, highlighting Florence Nightingale's contributions and the establishment of Canada's first university nursing program. Delve into Benner's Five Stages of Expertise, which outline the progression of nursing skills from novice to expert. This quiz covers key milestones and social influences in nursing education.