Nursing Chapter 23: Legal Implications in Nursing Practice
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Questions and Answers

What is a key aspect of public health laws?

  • They vary by state for termination of pregnancy
  • They are intended to improve the health of individuals
  • They are meant to reduce the risk of medical malpractice
  • They are focused on populations and communities (correct)

    • What is a critical aspect of informed consent?

  • The patient's liability for any adverse outcomes
  • The patient's right to refuse treatment (correct)
  • The patient's obligation to follow the healthcare provider's advice
  • The healthcare provider's responsibility to explain alternative therapies

    • What is the primary purpose of Good Samaritan laws?

  • To limit liability and offer legal immunity for nurses who help at the scene of an accident (correct)
  • To ensure informed consent for medical procedures
  • To determine the actual death of a patient
  • To regulate nurse-to-patient ratios

    • What is the primary goal of the Uniform Determination of Death Act?

    <p>To determine the actual death of a patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tort involves an intentional act that causes harm to another person or property?

    <p>Intentional tort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of physician-assisted suicide laws?

    <p>They vary by state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of nursing workforce guidelines?

    <p>Staffing and nurse-to-patient ratios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a quasi-intentional tort?

    <p>An act in which a person may not intend to cause harm to another but does</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an unintentional tort?

    <p>An act that arises when a person is harmed, and the person inflicting the harm did not intend to cause harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of termination of pregnancy laws?

    <p>They vary by state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Constitutional law in nursing practice?

    <p>To protect patients' rights and freedoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of law is concerned with the regulation of nursing practice?

    <p>Administrative law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)?

    <p>Providing affordable health care coverage to all citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which federal statute aims to protect the rights of people with physical or mental disabilities?

    <p>Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)?

    <p>To prohibit the transfer of patients from private to public hospitals without appropriate screening and stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?

    <p>To protect the confidentiality of patients' health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act requires health care institutions to provide written information to patients concerning their rights to make decisions about their care?

    <p>Patient Self-Determination Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Health Information Technology Act?

    <p>To ensure that nurses protect patients' health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act?

    <p>To provide the foundation for the national organ donation system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act?

    <p>To protect the rights of patients with disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nurse practice acts?

    <p>To protect citizens, make nurses accountable and assure that care is consistent with best practice within the scope and standards of nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Nurse Licensure Compact?

    <p>To facilitate the movement of nurses across state lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of statutory law in nursing practice?

    <p>To provide a framework for nurse practice acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of case law in nursing practice?

    <p>To provide guidance on legal issues in nursing practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of informed consent?

    <p>The patient receives a guarantee of a successful outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of common law in nursing practice?

    <p>To provide a framework for civil and criminal law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a nurse expert in a legal case involving nursing care?

    <p>To provide testimony on the standard of care in a specific situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act?

    <p>To alter the way in which health care is provided to older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which federal statute is related to the provision of information to patients concerning their rights to make decisions about their care?

    <p>Patient Self-Determination Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state statute is related to the provision of informed consent to patients?

    <p>Health care acts and informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primarybasis for determining negligence in a healthcare setting?

    <p>The standard of care of a reasonably prudent person in a similar situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of malpractice insurance?

    <p>To cover the costs incurred when a patient sues the employer and/or the nurse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act?

    <p>To provide coverage for mental health and substance use disorder treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way for a nurse to reduce their personal legal risk?

    <p>By remaining involved in the nursing profession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard of proof in a legal case involving a nurse's actions?

    <p>What a reasonably prudent nurse would do under similar circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between malpractice and negligence?

    <p>Malpractice is a type of negligence, but only applicable to professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the geographical area considered in determining the standard of care in a legal case?

    <p>The area where the alleged breach occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is typically held liable for malpractice?

    <p>The nurse being sued and/or the employer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way for a nurse to reduce their legal risk at the organizational level?

    <p>By participating in organizational risk management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of reducing legal risks in nursing?

    <p>Reducing the risk of personal legal liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contribution of Florence Nightingale to the field of nursing?

    <p>Developing the first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with moving nursing education into universities?

    <p>Mary Adelaide Nutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of modern nursing practice, according to the content?

    <p>Movement towards scientific, research-based practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)?

    <p>Improving patient safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the first educated African American nurse?

    <p>Mary Mahoney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of nursing practice in the 21st century?

    <p>Addressing the needs of an aging population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with improving sanitation in battlefield hospitals?

    <p>Florence Nightingale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the Henry Street Settlement?

    <p>Focusing on community health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with organizing the first program for training nurses?

    <p>Florence Nightingale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of nursing practice in the 20th century?

    <p>Movement towards scientific, research-based practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a novice nurse according to Benner's framework?

    <p>Has no nursing experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the American Nurses Association's (ANA) Standards of Practice?

    <p>Clinical decision making and the nursing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of professional nursing practice according to the American Nurses Association (ANA)?

    <p>Knowledge from social and behavioral sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a nurse who is acting professionally?

    <p>To provide quality patient-centered care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an expert nurse according to Benner's framework?

    <p>Has an intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the nursing process according to the American Nurses Association (ANA)?

    <p>Clinical decision making and the nursing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of professional nursing practice according to the American Nurses Association (ANA)?

    <p>Ethical and social values, and commitment to community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a nurse in providing quality patient-centered care?

    <p>To use critical thinking skills and clinical judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a proficient nurse according to Benner's framework?

    <p>Has more than 2-3 years of nursing experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the American Nurses Association's (ANA) Standards of Professional Performance?

    <p>Code of Ethics and professional autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of quality improvement in healthcare?

    <p>To design and test changes to continuously improve quality and safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of informatics in healthcare?

    <p>To manage knowledge and mitigate error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)?

    <p>To protect the public health, safety, and welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice in healthcare?

    <p>To integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a standard of professional performance according to the ANA?

    <p>Quality of practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the nurse's role as an educator?

    <p>Teaching patients and families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of licensure in nursing?

    <p>To protect the public from harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of safety in healthcare?

    <p>To minimize the risk of harm to patients and providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a historical influence on the nursing profession?

    <p>The understanding of the history of the nursing profession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of continuing education in nursing?

    <p>To update nurses' knowledge and skills to reflect current best practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of a nurse manager?

    <p>Overseeing patient care services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of graduate education in nursing?

    <p>To prepare nurses for advanced practice roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a nurse researcher?

    <p>Conducting research studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the nurse's role as an advocate?

    <p>Supporting patients' rights and interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of prelicensure education in nursing?

    <p>To prepare nurses for entry-level practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of professional development in nursing?

    <p>To update nurses' knowledge and skills to reflect current best practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of advanced practice registered nurse?

    <p>Clinical nurse specialist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the nurse's role as a communicator?

    <p>Collaborating with healthcare teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a standard of professional nursing practice?

    <p>Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the nurse's role as a leader?

    <p>Overseeing patient care services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conducting a study using scientific rigor?

    <p>To draw conclusions and translate results into practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research focuses on the benefits, risks, costs, and holistic effects of a treatment on patients?

    <p>Outcomes research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of translation research involves testing safety and efficacy in a small group of human subjects?

    <p>Phase 1 clinical trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of nursing research?

    <p>To identify new knowledge and improve professional education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research involves inductive reasoning?

    <p>Qualitative research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of phase 5 clinical trials?

    <p>Translating results into community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of outcomes research?

    <p>To help patients, health care providers, and policymakers make informed decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of conducting a study using scientific rigor?

    <p>To draw conclusions and translate results into practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of a PICOT question that represents the outcome of interest?

    <p>Outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of evidence for a nurse practitioner searching for the best evidence?

    <p>Journal articles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of critically appraising the evidence?

    <p>To evaluate the scientific rigor of the evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary step in integrating evidence into practice?

    <p>Applying the research to a patient's plan of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a systematic approach to appraising evidence?

    <p>To evaluate the scientific rigor of the evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using experts in the search for evidence?

    <p>They have specialized knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a pilot study in integrating evidence into practice?

    <p>To determine the feasibility of the evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of synthesizing the findings of the evidence?

    <p>A comprehensive understanding of the evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of evidence-based practice in patient care?

    <p>Combining the best evidence with the clinician's expertise and patient preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the evidence-based practice process?

    <p>Cultivate a spirit of inquiry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of evidence in evidence-based practice?

    <p>Well-designed, systematically conducted research studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of critically appraising the evidence in EBP?

    <p>To determine the validity and reliability of the evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of integrating evidence into practice in EBP?

    <p>An informed decision about patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating the outcomes of practice decisions in EBP?

    <p>To assess the effectiveness of the practice decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the evidence-based practice process?

    <p>Communicate the outcomes of the evidence-based practice decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an EBP institution?

    <p>A culture that encourages questioning current practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of evaluating the outcomes of an evidence-based practice decision?

    <p>To determine if the change was effective and if modifications are needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should be involved in communicating the outcomes of an evidence-based practice decision?

    <p>Nursing practice council, EBP council, research council, clinicians, and clinical grand rounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of sustaining knowledge use in evidence-based practice?

    <p>Using targeted strategies to sustain use of EBP decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to evaluate the outcomes of an evidence-based practice decision?

    <p>To determine if the change was effective and if modifications are needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when evaluating an evidence-based practice change?

    <p>The effectiveness of the change, the need for modifications, and whether the change should be discontinued</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider unexpected events or results when evaluating an evidence-based practice decision?

    <p>To anticipate and prepare for potential challenges and adjust the practice change accordingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of incorporating an evidence-based practice change into the culture and practice environment?

    <p>To sustain the use of the evidence-based practice decision over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of evaluating an evidence-based practice decision?

    <p>To determine if the change was effective and if modifications are needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of nursing research?

    <p>To study nursing questions and problems in greater depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of performance improvement programs?

    <p>To improve local work processes to improve patient outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice (EBP)?

    <p>To improve patient care and outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between research and quality improvement (QI)?

    <p>Research focuses on generalizable knowledge, while QI focuses on improving local work processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between EBP, research, and PI?

    <p>EBP, research, and PI are separate but closely related processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of performance improvement in health care?

    <p>To improve local work processes to improve patient outcomes and health system efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nursing research in the context of nursing?

    <p>To study nursing questions and problems in greater depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between EBP and research?

    <p>EBP uses information from research and other sources to determine safe and effective nursing care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Sources of law include constitutional law, statutory law (civil and criminal), administrative law, common law, and case law.
    • Scope and standards of nursing define nursing and reflect the values of the nursing profession.
    • Standards of nursing care reflect the knowledge and skill ordinarily possessed and used by nurses.

    Federal Statutes Affecting Nursing Practice

    • Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) ensures consumer rights and protections, affordable health care coverage, increased access to care, and quality of care that meets the needs of patients.
    • Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act prohibits the transfer of patients from private to public hospitals without appropriate screening and stabilization.
    • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) provides rights to patients and protects employees.
    • Health Information Technology Act requires nurses to protect protected health information (PHI).
    • Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protects the rights of people with physical or mental disabilities.
    • Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act requires health insurance companies to provide coverage for mental health and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment.
    • Patient Self-Determination Act requires health care institutions to provide written information to patients concerning their rights to make decisions about their care, including the right to refuse treatment and to formulate an advance directive.
    • Uniform Anatomical Gift Act provides the foundation for the national organ donation system.
    • Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (1986) altered the way health care is provided to older adults.

    State Statutes Affecting Nursing Practice

    • Nurse practice acts are state laws intended to protect citizens, make nurses accountable, and assure that care is consistent with best practice within the scope and standards of nursing.
    • Licensure and nurse licensure compact are components of nurse practice acts.
    • Health care acts and informed consent ensure that patients receive an explanation of the procedure, names and qualifications of people performing and assisting in the procedure, description of serious harm, alternative therapies, and the right to refuse the procedure or treatment.
    • Good Samaritan laws limit liability and offer legal immunity if a nurse helps at the scene of an accident.
    • Public health laws affect individuals, populations, and communities, and are intended to improve the health of people.
    • Termination of pregnancy laws vary by state, and nurses should know the law in their state related to termination of pregnancy before working in this area of practice.
    • Physician-assisted suicide laws vary by state, and nurses should know their state's laws and ensure that their practice falls within the laws' requirements.
    • The Uniform Determination of Death Act determines actual death.

    Nursing Workforce Guidelines

    • Staffing and nurse-to-patient ratios, nursing assignments, patient abandonment, nurse delegation, and nursing students are components of nursing workforce guidelines.
    • Torts are civil wrongful acts or omissions of care made against a person or property.
    • Quasi-intentional torts are acts in which a person may not intend to cause harm to another but does.
    • Unintentional torts arise when a person is harmed and the person inflicting the harm knew, or should have known, that these actions were less than the accepted scope and standard of practice.
    • Negligence is conduct that falls below the generally accepted standard of care of a reasonably prudent person.
    • Malpractice is a type of negligence committed by professionals.
    • Standard of proof is what a reasonably prudent nurse would do under similar circumstances in the geographical area in which the alleged breach occurred.
    • Malpractice insurance is a contract between an insurance company and a nurse or employer that is intended to cover costs incurred when a patient sues the employer and/or the nurse.
    • Nurse experts testify about the standards of nursing care as applied to the facts of a case.
    • Reducing legal risks involves being aware of the actions taken at the organizational level by employers and remaining involved in the nursing profession.

    Nursing Today

    • To act professionally, nurses must use critical thinking skills, administer quality patient-centered care, and be responsible and accountable.
    • Professional nursing practice involves understanding the scope of practice and how it influences patients' lives, their families, and communities.

    Science and Art of Nursing Practice

    • Nursing requires current knowledge, practice standards, an insightful and compassionate approach, and critical thinking and clinical judgment.

    Benner's Nursing Practice Model

    • Novice: Beginner nurse student with no nursing experience.
    • Advanced Beginner: Some level of experience, maybe only observational.
    • Competent: A nurse with 2-3 years of experience in the same clinical position.
    • Proficient: A nurse with more than 2-3 years of experience.
    • Expert: A nurse with diverse experience and an intuitive grasp of existing or potential clinical problems.

    American Nurses Association (ANA)

    • Professional practice incorporates knowledge from social and behavioral sciences, biological and physiological sciences, and nursing theories.
    • It also includes ethical and social values, professional autonomy, and a sense of commitment and community.

    ANA Standards of Practice

    • Also known as the "Nursing Process" – a model for clinical decision making.
    • The six steps of the Nursing Process are:
      • Assessment
      • Diagnosis
      • Outcomes Identification
      • Planning
      • Implementation
      • Evaluation

    ANA Standards of Professional Performance

    • Ethics
    • Advocacy
    • Respectful and equitable practice
    • Communication
    • Collaboration
    • Leadership
    • Education
    • Scholarly Inquiry
    • Quality of practice
    • Professional practice evaluation
    • Resource Stewardship
    • Environmental Evaluation

    Professional Responsibilities and Roles

    • Autonomy and accountability
    • Caregiver
    • Advocate
    • Educator
    • Communicator
    • Manager

    Career Development

    • Clinician
    • Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs)
      • Clinical nurse specialist
      • Nurse practitioner
      • Certified nurse-midwife
      • Certified registered nurse anesthetist
    • Nurse Educator
    • Nurse Administrator
    • Nurse Researcher

    Historical Influences

    • Nurses respond to patients' needs and participate in determining best practices.
    • Knowledge of the history of the nursing profession increases understanding of the social and intellectual origins of the discipline.

    Florence Nightingale

    • Established first nursing philosophy (Nursing Theory) based on health maintenance and restoration.
    • Organized first program for training nurses.
    • First practicing epidemiologist.
    • Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals.
    • Practices remain a basic part of nursing today.

    Civil War to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

    • Clara Barton – Founder of American Red Cross
    • Dorthea Lynde Dix – Organized hospitals during the Civil War
    • Mary Ann Ball (Mother Bickerdyke) – Helped Dix
    • Harriet Tubman – Underground Railroad Movement
    • Mary Mahoney – First educated African American nurse
    • Isabel Hampton Robb – ANA, American Journal of Nursing
    • Lillian Wald – Opened the Henry Street Settlement
    • Mary Brewster – Opened the Henry Street Settlement

    Twentieth Century

    • Movement toward scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge.
    • Nurses assumed expanded roles.
    • 1906: Mary Adelaide Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities.
    • 1920s: Nursing specialization began.
    • 1990: ANA established Center for Ethics and Human Rights.
    • 1994: University of Washington Medical Center became the first Magnet-designated organization.

    Twenty-First Century

    • Nurses are revising nursing practice and school curricula to meet the ever-changing needs of society.
    • Aging population
    • Cultural diversity
    • Bioterrorism
    • Emerging infections
    • Disaster management

    Contemporary Influences

    • Importance of nurses' self-care
    • Health care reform and costs
    • Demographic changes
    • Medically underserved
    • Evidence-based practice
    • Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
    • Impact of emerging technologies
    • Genomics
    • Public perception of nursing
    • Impact of nursing on politics and health policy

    Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

    • Patient-centered care
    • Teamwork and collaboration
    • Evidence-based practice
    • Quality improvement
    • Safety
    • Informatics

    Professional Registered Nurse Education

    • Prelicensure: 2-year associate's degree or 4-year bachelor's degree
    • Graduate education: Master's degree, advanced practice RN, and doctoral preparation
    • Continuing and in-service education

    Nursing Practice

    • Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs) oversee the scope of nursing practice and regulate it to protect public health, safety, and welfare.
    • Licensure and certification: NCLEX-RN examination and certification requirements vary.

    Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

    • EBP is a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that combines the best evidence with a clinician's expertise, patient preferences and values, and health care resources in making decisions about patient care.
    • The best scientific evidence comes from well-designed, systematically conducted research studies found in scientific, peer-reviewed journals.

    Steps of Evidence-Based Practice

    • Cultivate a spirit of inquiry: constantly questioning current practices leads to consistent use of EBP.
    • Ask a clinical question in PICOT format: P (Patient population of interest), I (Intervention of interest), C (Comparison of interest), O (Outcome), and T (Time).
    • Search for the best evidence: sources include agency policy, procedure manuals, quality improvement data, existing clinical practice guidelines, and journal articles.
    • Critically appraise the evidence: synthesize or combine findings, consider the scientific rigor of the evidence, and determine its application in practice.
    • Integrate the evidence: apply research in plan of care, educate about change, and incorporate into policies and procedures.
    • Evaluate the outcomes of the practice decision or change: determine effectiveness, make modifications, and discontinue if needed.
    • Communicate the outcomes of the evidence-based practice decision: share with clinical staff, nursing practice council, and professional conferences.

    Scientific Method

    • Make an observation
    • Ask questions and gather information
    • Analyze the literature and form a research question or hypothesis
    • Conduct a study using scientific rigor
    • Analyze the data and draw conclusions

    Types of Research Studies

    • Quantitative research: experimental, non-experimental, and surveys
    • Qualitative research: inductive reasoning

    Nursing Research

    • A way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practice, and use resources effectively
    • Translation research phases: preclinical and animal studies, Phase 1-5 clinical trials, and outcomes research
    • Outcomes research: focuses on benefits, risks, costs, and holistic effects of a treatment on patients
    • The conduct of nursing research: allows nurses to study nursing questions and problems in greater depth within the context of nursing.

    Performance Improvement (PI)

    • A formal approach for the analysis of health care-related processes
    • Reviews how existing interventions within a process function
    • PI combined with EBP is the foundation for excellent patient care and outcomes.
    • Performance improvement programs focus on processes or systems that significantly contribute to outcomes.

    The Relationship Among EBP, Research, and PI

    • Although EBP, research, and PI are closely related, they are separate processes.
    • EBP: uses information from research and other sources to determine safe and effective nursing care with the goal of improving patient care and outcomes.
    • Research: systematic inquiry answers questions, solves problems, and contributes to the generalizable knowledge base of nursing.
    • PI: improves local work processes to improve patient outcomes and health system efficiency; results usually not generalizable.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the legal limitations of nursing practice, including sources of law, constitutional law, statutory law, civil law, criminal law, and administrative law.

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    DeftOnomatopoeia
    Nursing Legal Implications Chapter 23
    15 questions

    Nursing Legal Implications Chapter 23

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    EventfulLeprechaun
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