Questions and Answers
What is the function of cilia in the trachea?
Which gas is primarily delivered to the cells for metabolism?
Which procedure involves assisting in the removal of secretions from the airway?
What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?
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In a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which symptom is most likely observed?
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During which procedure is a complication of pneumothorax most likely to occur?
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What role does hemoglobin (Hgb) play in respiration?
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What is a common nursing intervention for managing pleural effusion?
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Which part of the respiratory system does external respiration primarily occur?
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Which type of drainage might be managed for a client with respiratory issues?
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What is the primary purpose of pulmonary angiography?
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Which procedure involves the use of radioactive substances to diagnose pulmonary embolism?
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During which procedure is conscious sedation typically used?
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What are the major causes of pneumonia?
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What is an important nursing intervention after performing a mediastinoscopy?
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What nursing intervention is critical during laryngoscopy?
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Which diagnostic examination is primarily used to assess lung function?
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What is a common treatment approach for managing pleural effusion?
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Which sign indicates a possible diagnosis of pneumothorax?
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What nursing intervention is critical for the patient with respiratory distress?
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What is the significance of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2)?
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Which of the following indicates hypoxia in a patient?
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What is a primary characteristic of crackles heard during lung auscultation?
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What is a common cause of pneumonia?
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Which diagnostic procedure is primarily used to confirm a pneumonia diagnosis?
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What is a primary nursing intervention for managing pleural effusion?
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What is an important assessment finding in a patient with a pneumothorax?
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Which nursing intervention is essential when monitoring a client receiving oxygen?
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Which clinical manifestation indicates a potential worsening of a patient's respiratory condition?
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What nursing diagnosis could be applicable for a patient with altered respiratory function?
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Which assessment is critical for evaluating breathing patterns in a patient?
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What is a clinical manifestation of pleural effusion?
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What is a primary symptom of acute bronchitis, which can be confused with pneumonia?
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Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic intervention for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
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Which diagnostic procedure is specifically used to relieve shortness of breath and discomfort in pleural effusion?
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Which statement about the management of pleural effusion is correct?
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What intervention should be taken immediately if a chest tube comes out?
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What clinical manifestation indicates a pneumothorax?
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What is a common diagnostic tool used to confirm a pneumothorax?
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What should be monitored in the water-seal chamber of a chest tube?
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What does continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber of a chest tube indicate?
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What nursing intervention is critical after the removal of a chest tube?
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Which medication is commonly administered for pain management in patients with pneumothorax?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- External respiration involves the exchange of gases between the environment and the body; internal respiration refers to gas exchange at the cellular level.
- The primary purpose of the respiratory system is to supply oxygen for cellular metabolism and remove carbon dioxide to maintain homeostasis.
Respiratory Tracts
- Upper respiratory tract includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea, which contains cilia that trap particles.
- Lower respiratory tract comprises the bronchial tree (bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli) where gas exchange occurs.
Gas Transport
- Oxygen (O2) enters the lungs and binds to hemoglobin (Hgb) in the alveoli, delivering it to cells and exchanging it for carbon dioxide (CO2), which is then exhaled.
Respiratory Regulation
- Respiratory mechanisms are regulated by various factors including CO2 levels, blood pH, and oxygen saturation.
Hypoxia Indicators
- Signs of hypoxia include dyspnea, cyanosis, confusion, and tachycardia.
Lung Sounds
- Sonorous wheezes: low-pitched sounds indicating airway obstruction.
- Sibilant wheezes: high-pitched sounds indicating narrowed airways.
- Crackles: sound of fluid in the airways.
- Pleural friction rub: result of inflamed pleural layers rubbing together.
Diagnostic Examinations
- Diagnostic tests assess respiratory disorders through imaging (like chest X-rays), thoracentesis for fluid analysis, and pulmonary function testing.
Arterial Blood Gas Values
- PaO2 indicates arterial oxygen tension; SaO2 represents arterial oxygen saturation, reflecting how much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin.
Upper Airway Disorders
- Conditions may include laryngitis or obstruction; management involves airway assessment, potential intubation, and maintaining safety.
Lower Airway Disorders
- Disorders such as asthma, COPD, and bronchiectasis affect airflow and gas exchange, requiring specific assessments and management plans.
Tuberculosis
- Differentiate between infection (presence of TB bacteria) and disease (symptoms and physical effects).
Closed-Chest Drainage
- Assessments include checking tube patency, monitoring for air leaks, and ensuring proper function of the water-seal system.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema; clinical manifestations include persistent cough, dyspnea, and reduced exercise tolerance.
Nursing Diagnoses
- Potential diagnoses for altered respiratory function may include ineffective airway clearance, impaired gas exchange, and activity intolerance.
Nursing Interventions
- Assess lung sounds, monitor breathing patterns, assist with incentive spirometry, perform suctioning and postural drainage, and manage oxygen therapy.
Pneumothorax
- Characterized by a collection of air in the pleural space; assess for decreased breath sounds, chest pain, and sudden dyspnea.
- Diagnostic methods include chest X-ray and arterial blood gas analysis for respiratory acidosis.
Management of Pneumothorax
- Utilize a chest tube for drainage and provide oxygen; nursing care includes monitoring and fluid management.
Pulmonary Procedures
- Pulmonary Angiography: Identifies pulmonary embolism through contrast injections; assess allergies and renal function prior.
- Ventilation-Perfusion Scan (V/Q): Tests for airflow and blood flow in lungs to diagnose embolism.
- Mediastinoscopy: Surgical procedure for examining the mediastinum; involves postoperative care.
- Laryngoscopy: Used for biopsies; monitor airway post-procedure.
- Bronchoscopy: Involves passing a bronchoscope for airway examination; monitor for airway compromise and sedation effects.
Sputum Testing
- Collect sputum for culture and sensitivity; color and characteristics provide diagnostic clues (e.g., yellow suggests infection).
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Description
This quiz covers essential nursing skills related to respiratory care, including tracheostomy care, suctioning techniques, and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). You'll also explore the physiological aspects of respiration and the collaboration between the respiratory and cardiac systems. Test your knowledge on best practices for effective patient care in respiratory conditions.
