NURS120 Urinary Tract Infection

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a urine culture and sensitivity test in the context of urinary tract infections?

To measure creatinine clearance

To identify the presence of renal stones

To determine the bacteria’s susceptibility to antibiotics (correct)

To assess the acidity of urine

What component of the urinary system helps maintain a typically sterile environment?

Acidic pH of urine (correct)

Renal scan

Kidneys

Urethra

In the context of urinary tract infections, what does the presence of leukocyte esterase indicate?

Indication of pyuria (correct)

Normal kidney function

Presence of blood in urine

Renal failure

Which antibiotic is typically used for the treatment of uncomplicated or initial urinary tract infections?

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 24-hour urine specimen analysis in assessing renal function?

Assesses creatinine clearance Signup and view all the answers

What may tenderness during renal percussion indicate?

Kidney infection or disease Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for a patient with urinary tract issues?

Impaired urinary elimination Signup and view all the answers

During a health promotion initiative, patients should be encouraged to drink how much fluid daily?

2-3 liters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended intervention to prevent urinary tract infection recurrence?

Avoiding regular bowel movements Signup and view all the answers

What should the patient be able to do upon evaluation if their UTI treatment is effective?

Verbalize knowledge of treatment regimen Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat uncomplicated UTIs?

Nitrofurantoin Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse reaction when using fluoroquinolones?

Tendonitis Signup and view all the answers

How often is Macrobid, the long-acting preparation of Nitrofurantoin, typically administered?

Twice daily Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) in urinary tract treatment?

As an analgesic for urinary discomfort Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a subjective data point in nursing assessment for urinary conditions?

Skin inspection Signup and view all the answers

What discoloration can Phenazopyridine cause in urine?

Reddish orange Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of untreated urinary stasis due to a sedentary lifestyle?

Urinary tract infections Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be assessed under the cognitive-perceptual pattern during a nursing assessment?

Changes in alertness or orientation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Elimination Concept

Elimination involves the removal of waste products from the body, specifically related to the renal and urinary systems.
The renal system includes two kidneys, while the urinary system comprises two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra.

Genitourinary System Review

Functions of the Renal System:
- Maintains fluid volumes and regulates blood pressure.
- Monitors urine for leukocyte esterase, indicating pyuria and possible urinary tract infection (UTI).
Urine Analysis:
- Cultures identify bacteria's susceptibility to antibiotics, crucial for persistent or recurrent UTIs.
- 24-hour urine specimen analysis approximates Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) based on creatinine clearance.

Drug Therapy for UTIs

Antibiotics:
- Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is commonly used for uncomplicated UTIs; resistance is increasing.
- Nitrofurantoin is taken 3-4 times a day; long-acting formulations are taken twice daily.
- Other options include ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalosporins.
- Fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin treat complicated UTIs but carry risks of tendonitis.
Urinary Analgesics:
- Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) provides relief for urinary tract discomfort and may stain urine reddish-orange.

Nursing Assessment

Subjective Data Collection:
- Assess past health history, nephrotoxic medications, and surgeries.
- Evaluate functional health patterns, including nutrition, elimination habits, activity levels, sleep, cognition, and self-perception.
Objective Data Collection:
- Perform physical inspections on skin and oral mucosa for edema.
- Auscultate bowel sounds and palpate for kidney tenderness or bladder distension.

Nursing Diagnosis and Planning

Common nursing diagnoses include impaired urinary elimination and readiness for enhanced self-management.
Expected outcomes include relieving lower urinary tract symptoms and preventing upper tract involvement.

Nursing Implementation

Acute Interventions:
- Encourage increased fluid intake (2-3L daily) and proper hygiene practices.
- Maintain adherence to antibiotic regimens.
Health Promotion:
- Educate on voiding every 3-4 hours, proper peri-care, and dietary adjustments to limit irritants like caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods.
- Encourage cranberry products and recommend urination before and after sexual activity for women.

Nursing Evaluation

Monitor for normal urinary elimination patterns and relief from symptoms.
Ensure the patient verbalizes an understanding of their treatment plan and regimens.

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Description

This quiz covers the concept of elimination specific to urinary tract infections as outlined in Lewis Chapters 49 and 50. It includes questions related to the functions of the renal and urinary systems, emphasizing their roles in maintaining fluid volumes and the antibacterial properties of urine. Perfect for students in nursing and health-related fields.