Renal System: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
41 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

How do most cases of acute pyelonephritis start off?

  • As prostatitis
  • As cystitis (correct)
  • As epididymitis
  • As urethritis

    • What is the main symptom of acute pyelonephritis?

  • Groin pain
  • Blood in urine
  • Weight loss
  • Painful urination (correct)

    • How is acute pyelonephritis typically treated?

  • Surgery
  • Fluid restriction
  • Antibiotics (correct)
  • Painkillers

    • What is a common sign of chronic pyelonephritis?

    <p>Blood in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does tubular dysfunction have on plasma Na, K, H, and water levels?

    <p>Decreases Na, increases K, decreases H, no effect on water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the convoluted part of the proximal tubules in the nephron?

    <p>Absorbing glucose, amino acids, and vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is involved in actively resorbing sodium ions from the glomerular filtrate?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the thick descending limbs of the loop of Henle located in relation to the kidney?

    <p>Renal Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the epithelial cells in the distal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Low columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron plays a significant role in reducing the volume of the glomerular filtrate?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the thick descending limbs of the loop of Henle from the proximal tubule?

    <p>Presence of apical brush borders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the mesangium in the glomerulus?

    <p>Filling the spaces between capillary loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer in the renal corpuscle is characterized by large round fenestrations?

    <p>Capillary endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structural feature of the podocyte layer in the glomerulus?

    <p>Long cytoplasmic extensions called processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the renal tubule can be divided into proximal and distal portions?

    <p>Distal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the proximal tubules in the renal system?

    <p>Reabsorbing water and electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the brush border located within the renal system?

    <p>At the proximal convoluted tubule cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures are found in the renal cortex?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and distal convoluted tubules (DCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) is true?

    <p>They have a larger lumen and paler cytoplasm compared to the PCT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the epithelial cells in the ascending limbs of the loop of Henle?

    <p>Active transport of sodium and chloride out of the tubular lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is responsible for regulating blood flow and afferent arteriole constriction?

    <p>Distal convoluted tubules (DCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of the collecting ducts in the renal medulla?

    <p>They have prominent lateral borders between adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the descending limbs of the loop of Henle is true?

    <p>They are permeable to water but not to solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily under the control of carotid and aortic bodies?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in an increase in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PAO2) due to minute ventilation?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is minute ventilation less affected by an increase in CO2 levels?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is primarily controlled by medullary chemoreceptors responsible for recognizing changes in CO2?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system reacts more readily to changes in hydrogen ion concentration than oxygen and bicarbonate?

    <p>Hemoglobin buffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system provides quicker buffering effects compared to the renal system?

    <p>Blood protein buffering system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In renal handling, where is phosphoric acid and ammonia predominantly excreted?

    <p>Distal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of kidney injury in relation to acidosis?

    <p>Development of acidosis due to failure to excrete metabolic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Decreased respiratory drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in hyperventilation to increase CO2 clearance?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Hyperventilation to decrease CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within the renal system, what process occurs predominantly in the distal tubule compared to the proximal tubule?

    <p>Excretion of metabolic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA)?

    <p>Diarrhea or aldosterone antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Increased renal hydrogen ion excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Vomiting or diuretic use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary compensation mechanism for respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Increased renal bicarbonate reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about metabolic acidosis compensation is true?

    <p>Respiratory compensations retain CO2 to offset acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of metabolic alkalosis compared to acidosis?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis is associated with higher mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser