NURS1125 Pharmacokinetics Lecture Outline
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Questions and Answers

Which term collectively refers to the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drug substances in the body?

  • ADME (correct)
  • SLC transporters
  • PK
  • GI system

    • In which administration route do drug substances bypass the need to move into the systemic circulation, as mentioned in the text?

  • Oral administration
  • Intravenous injection (correct)
  • Subcutaneous injection
  • Topical application

    • Which drug substance tends to stay within the systemic circulation, as indicated in the text?

  • Aspirin
  • Lisinopril [Zestril®]
  • Loperamide [Imodium®/速治靈®]
  • Warfarin [Coumadin®] (correct)

    • Which type of drug substances do not get metabolized because they are not substrates of metabolizing enzymes in the body?

    <p>Lisinopril [Zestril®]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug substance never gets absorbed from the gastrointestinal system after oral administration?

    <p>Loperamide [Imodium®/速治靈®]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dissolved drug particles cross an epithelium?

    <p>By squeezing through between epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process requires energy and occurs against the concentration gradient?

    <p>Facilitated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects the rate of diffusion by permeability and concentration difference?

    <p>*1 Rate of diffusion = 𝑃 × 𝐴 × ∆𝐶</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pharmacokinetics' refer to?

    <p>Study of the body's actions on the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of PK actions?

    <p>Ingestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of distribution in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>To move drug substances from systemic circulation to different body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug substances undergo movement into the systemic circulation during absorption?

    <p>Dissolved drug particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does metabolism play in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>To decrease drug activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the rate of diffusion by permeability and concentration difference in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pharmacokinetics (PK) study?

    <p>The movement of drug substances into the systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the PK actions of drug substances?

    <p>Movement into the site of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is distribution in pharmacokinetics (PK)?

    <p>The movement of drug substances from systemic circulation to different body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pharmacodynamics (PD) study?

    <p>What the drug does to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of pharmacokinetic action?

    <p>Movement across epithelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is elimination in pharmacokinetics (PK)?

    <p>The excretion of the drug out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept of the drug's ability to produce a maximum response at a specific dose?

    <p>Efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmacodynamics, which type of inhibition occurs when the inhibitor binds to a different site other than the active site of the enzyme?

    <p>Allosteric inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place?

    <p>Active site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the phenomenon where two or more drugs interact with each other to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects?

    <p>Synergism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of a drug to bind to a receptor and produce a biological response?

    <p>Agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the binding of a substrate to a protein by changing the protein's conformation and reducing its activity?

    <p>Allosteric regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of insulin?

    <p>Promote the conversion of glucose to energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when proteins denature at extreme pH or temperature?

    <p>They lose their shape and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lock-and-key hypothesis used to describe?

    <p>The process of substrate binding to proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effect of the locked key being opened in the lock-key complex analogy?

    <p>Various effects are elicited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of substrate binding that is related to molecular polarity?

    <p>Formation of very strong bonds resulting in irreversible binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are substrates that bind to the active site classified as?

    <p>Competitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of distribution in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Transporting drug substances to tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of metabolism in pharmacokinetics (PK)?

    <p>Breaking down and transforming drug substances in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects the rate of diffusion by permeability and concentration difference?

    <p>Conformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of substances undergo movement into the systemic circulation during absorption?

    <p>Drug substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

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