NUR 326 Dantrolene Sodium Drug Prototype
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Questions and Answers

What is the trade name for dantrolene sodium?

Dantrium

What is the therapeutic class for Dantrium?

Skeletal muscle relaxant

What is the pharmacologic class for Dantrium?

Direct acting antispasmodic; calcium release blocker

What is dantrolene used for?

<p>Used for spasticity, especially for spasms of the head and neck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dantrolene affects cardiac or smooth muscles.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is dantrolene especially useful?

<p>Muscle spasms after spinal cord injury or stroke, and in cases of CP or MS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dantrolene occasionally treated for?

<p>Muscle pain after heavy exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred treatment drug for malignant hyperthermia?

<p>IV form (Revonto)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the administration alerts for dantrolene?

<p>Use oral suspension within several days because it does not contain a preservative. IV solution has a high pH and is irritating to tissue. Pregnancy category C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of dantrolene?

<p>Muscle weakness, drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, tachycardia, erratic blood pressure, photosensitivity, and urinary retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the black box warning for dantrolene?

<p>Potential for hepatotoxicity. Liver dysfunction may be evidenced by abnormal chemical blood enzyme levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the risk for liver injury increase with dantrolene?

<p>Increased in females over 35 and after 3 months of therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should therapy with dantrolene be discontinued if no benefits are observed?

<p>After 45 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for dantrolene?

<p>Patients with impaired cardiac or pulmonary function or hepatic disease should not take this drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the drug interactions with dantrolene?

<p>Dantrolene interacts with many other drugs including OTC cough preparations, antihistamines, alcohol, or other CNS depressants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the lab tests associated with dantrolene?

<p>Unknown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the herbal/food interactions with dantrolene?

<p>Unknown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for overdose of dantrolene?

<p>For acute overdosage, general supportive measures should be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of problem is dantrolene treating?

<p>Central problem treated with a locally acting drug that blocks calcium release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when calcium release is blocked?

<p>The muscle cannot contract and it relaxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can dantrolene cause?

<p>Hepatotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What labs should you monitor for hepatotoxicity?

<p>AST and ALT.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dantrolene treat?

<p>Malignant hyperthermia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trigger for malignant hyperthermia?

<p>Succinylcholine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you need to discuss with patients about dantrolene?

<p>Do the benefits outweigh the costs?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dantrolene does affect smooth or cardiac muscle.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to muscle contraction?

<p>Calcium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dantrolene especially useful for?

<p>Muscle spasticity related to spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, and/or multiple sclerosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dantrolene is a true vesicant.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Since there is a potential for hepatic toxicity, what should you monitor?

<p>Liver enzymes (ALT and AST), bilirubin, albumin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dantrolene Sodium Overview

  • Trade name: Dantrium
  • Therapeutic class: Skeletal muscle relaxant
  • Pharmacologic class: Direct acting antispasmodic; calcium release blocker

Uses and Indications

  • Primarily treats spasticity, especially in head and neck spasms.
  • Effective for muscle spasms after spinal cord injury, stroke, cerebral palsy (CP), and multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Occasionally helps with muscle pain after heavy exercise.

Mechanism of Action

  • Directly relaxes muscle spasms by blocking the release of calcium ions from storage in skeletal muscle cells.
  • Does not affect cardiac or smooth muscles.

Administration and Alerts

  • Oral suspension should be used within a few days due to lack of preservatives.
  • IV solution has a high pH and causes tissue irritation.
  • Classified as Pregnancy category C.

Adverse Effects and Warnings

  • Common adverse effects include muscle weakness, drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, tachycardia, erratic blood pressure, photosensitivity, and urinary retention.
  • Black box warning for potential hepatotoxicity, indicated by abnormal liver enzyme levels.
  • Risk for liver injury increases in females over 35 and with prolonged therapy (over 3 months).

Monitoring and Contraindications

  • Therapy should be discontinued after 45 days if no benefits are seen.
  • Contraindicated in patients with impaired cardiac or pulmonary function or hepatic disease.
  • Monitor AST and ALT levels for liver function.

Drug Interactions

  • Interacts with various drugs; avoid OTC cough preparations, antihistamines, alcohol, and other CNS depressants.
  • Concurrent use with calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil, diltiazem) increases the risk of ventricular fibrillation and cardiovascular complications.

Miscellaneous Information

  • Malignant hyperthermia treated with IV dantrolene (Revonto), caused by succinylcholine.
  • Muscle contraction essential on calcium release; blocked calcium leads to muscle relaxation.
  • Discuss with patients whether benefits outweigh potential adverse effects like significant muscle weakness.
  • Not classified as a true vesicant, but IV administration should be monitored closely.
  • Overdose management is primarily supportive; there's no specific antidote.

Patient Education

  • Address the balance of treatment benefits against the risk of adverse effects.
  • Encourage patients to report any signs of liver dysfunction or unusual muscle weakness.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Dantrolene Sodium, the drug prototype covered in NUR 326. This quiz focuses on its trade name, therapeutic and pharmacologic classes, as well as its uses. Ideal for nursing students looking to reinforce their understanding of this medication.

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