NUR 235 Exam 2 Review

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Questions and Answers

What effect does severe vomiting have on electrolyte levels in the body?

It does not affect electrolyte levels.

It can lead to hyperkalemia.

It can increase sodium levels.

It can result in hypokalemia. (correct)

Which condition is characterized by an excess of fluid in the body?

Hypovolemia

Hypervolemia (correct)

Edema

Dehydration

What is a potential consequence of maintaining a hormonal imbalance affecting calcium levels?

Hypocalcemia may result in prolonged muscle relaxation.

Hypocalcemia can lead to muscle contractions. (correct)

Hypercalcemia can cause arrhythmias. (correct)

Hypercalcemia can improve muscle function.

Which buffer system helps maintain physiological pH by utilizing bicarbonate?

Bicarbonate buffer system Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cells when the pH of their environment deviates from the normal physiological range?

Cellular functions can be compromised or halted. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you finish the test early?

Quietly sit and occupy yourself or excuse yourself from the room. Signup and view all the answers

How many questions will the test include?

40 questions Signup and view all the answers

What does the academic integrity policy prohibit?

Discussing test questions with students who have not yet taken the test Signup and view all the answers

What is advised to avoid delays on test day?

Ensuring that your software is updated Signup and view all the answers

What happens after everyone has completed the test?

Testing analysis will be conducted and a breakdown of class performance will be provided. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of impaired ventilation-perfusion matching?

Hypoxemia Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by both impaired ventilation and diffusion?

Cystic fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator of altered perfusion?

Myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

What measurement is critical for assessing impaired ventilation and diffusion?

Blood gas analysis Signup and view all the answers

In the context of respiratory conditions, what does COPD primarily include?

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily responsible for neural control of heart and blood pressure?

Electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical manifestation of impaired circulation?

Cold extremities Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended approach to studying effectively for exam content covered in class?

Incorporate diverse study resources Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended strategy for studying powerpoints effectively?

Use readings and class discussions to supplement the slides. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand the WHY behind diseases and treatments?

It prepares you for questions that require critical thinking. Signup and view all the answers

When preparing for exam questions, what type of thinking should students expect to use?

Critical thinking to apply learned concepts to scenarios. Signup and view all the answers

What should students avoid when studying for the exam?

Memorizing material without understanding the concepts. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a learning strategy that might NOT be effective for understanding material?

Focusing solely on textbook content without class discussions. Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for students to do before the exam in terms of their materials?

Charge their computers and know where outlets are. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main focuses of class discussions that supports exam preparation?

Exploring the pathophysiology of various diagnoses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approach to take when faced with an exam question you find confusing?

Break down the question to understand what it is really asking. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exam 2 Review - NUR 235 Fall 2024

Exam covers chapters 8, 9, 15, and 16 of the Applied Pathophysiology textbook (Nath, Fourth edition).
Chapter 8: Altered Fluid and Electrolyte Balance:
- Understand expected (normal) electrolyte values (Figure 8.1).
- Know electrolyte functions in the body and consequences of imbalances (Table 8.1).
- Learn causes of imbalances (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, diuretic use, renal failure).
- Understand fluid movement in and out of cells, tissues, and circulation (vessels, nephrons).
- Review fluid balance regulation.
- Define and differentiate between isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic fluids.
- Review conditions related to fluid imbalance (hypovolemia, hemorrhage, dehydration, water intoxication, hypervolemia, edema).
Chapter 9: Altered Acid-Base Balance:
- Importance of maintaining physiologic pH and its impact on cells and tissues.
- Understand the 3 buffer systems in the body and their function.
Chapter 15: Altered Ventilation and Diffusion:
- Explain the mechanisms of ventilation and diffusion.
- Discuss the consequences of impaired ventilation and diffusion processes (hypoxemia, hypoxia, hypercapnia).
- Understand impairment in ventilation – perfusion and impaired diffusion.
- Detail treatment options for impaired ventilation and diffusion.
Chapter 16: Altered Perfusion:
- Understand the pathway from ventilation to perfusion.
- Review the circulatory system's role in perfusion (pulmonary and systemic).
General Study Advice:
- Utilize a variety of resources: textbook, notes, pre-lecture materials, Brightspace videos, and class discussions.
- Supplement powerpoints with readings and class discussions.
- Focus on foundational concepts: cellular response to stress, inflammation, tissue repair, immune responses, and infection.
- Understand pathophysiology of diseases, not just memorizing facts. Understand why diseases occur, what the signs/symptoms represent and why we test or treat certain conditions.
- Utilize real-world examples provided in the text and class to reinforce understanding.
- Practice critical thinking skills related to patient scenarios.
- Follow specified testing policies (ATI, Lockdown, academic integrity, etc.).
Exam specifics:
- Exam format approximately 40 questions.
- Time limit of 1 hour (unless accommodations).
- Do not congregate in hallways after the exam.
- Electronic devices (phones, watches) must be placed in front of the room.

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Description

Prepare for your NUR 235 Exam 2 with this comprehensive review covering crucial topics from chapters 8, 9, 15, and 16 of the Applied Pathophysiology textbook. Focus on fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and the physiological impacts of imbalances. Test your understanding and readiness for the exam with targeted questions.