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Questions and Answers
Which electrolyte is primarily lost through severe vomiting and diarrhea?
Which electrolyte is primarily lost through severe vomiting and diarrhea?
What is a primary effect of an imbalance in electrolytes on the body?
What is a primary effect of an imbalance in electrolytes on the body?
What condition is associated with the retention of fluid in the body's circulation?
What condition is associated with the retention of fluid in the body's circulation?
Which buffer system is primarily responsible for maintaining acid-base balance in the blood?
Which buffer system is primarily responsible for maintaining acid-base balance in the blood?
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What happens to the body when the physiologic pH deviates from its normal range?
What happens to the body when the physiologic pH deviates from its normal range?
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What should students do if they finish the test early?
What should students do if they finish the test early?
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What is emphasized about discussing test questions after the exam?
What is emphasized about discussing test questions after the exam?
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What should everyone do before the test to avoid delays?
What should everyone do before the test to avoid delays?
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What action is prohibited immediately after the test?
What action is prohibited immediately after the test?
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What is the primary goal of the exam as stated?
What is the primary goal of the exam as stated?
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What are the potential effects of impaired ventilation-perfusion matching?
What are the potential effects of impaired ventilation-perfusion matching?
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Which condition is characterized by chronic airflow obstruction?
Which condition is characterized by chronic airflow obstruction?
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How can impaired ventilation be measured?
How can impaired ventilation be measured?
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What is a primary function of the cardiac cycle?
What is a primary function of the cardiac cycle?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with altered perfusion?
Which of the following conditions is associated with altered perfusion?
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What is the role of neural control in the circulatory system?
What is the role of neural control in the circulatory system?
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Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of altered perfusion?
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of altered perfusion?
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What is a common treatment approach for improved ventilation and diffusion?
What is a common treatment approach for improved ventilation and diffusion?
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What is the primary focus when preparing for a test regarding foundational concepts?
What is the primary focus when preparing for a test regarding foundational concepts?
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Why is it advised to understand the 'why' behind diseases and symptoms?
Why is it advised to understand the 'why' behind diseases and symptoms?
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What type of exam questions can be expected that require critical thinking?
What type of exam questions can be expected that require critical thinking?
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What should be avoided during preparation to make studying more effective?
What should be avoided during preparation to make studying more effective?
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What must students ensure regarding their computers during the exam?
What must students ensure regarding their computers during the exam?
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How should the classroom be arranged before the exam begins?
How should the classroom be arranged before the exam begins?
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What aspect of the test structure should students pay special attention to according to the advice given?
What aspect of the test structure should students pay special attention to according to the advice given?
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Which approach is recommended for reviewing material effectively?
Which approach is recommended for reviewing material effectively?
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Study Notes
Exam 2 Review - NUR 235
- Chapters Covered: 8, 9, 15, 16 of the Applied Pathophysiology textbook (Nath, Fourth edition)
Chapter 8: Altered Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
- Normal electrolyte values crucial (Figure 8.1)
- Electrolyte functions and imbalances (Table 8.1) detailed
- Mechanisms of imbalances (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, renal failure)
- Cellular and tissue fluid movement
- Fluid intake and excretion regulation
- Isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic fluid solutions
- Fluid imbalances (hypovolemia, hemorrhage, dehydration, water intoxication, hypervolemia, edema)
- Examples: cirrhosis, dehydration
Chapter 9: Altered Acid-Base Balance
- Importance of maintaining physiologic pH
- Effects of pH imbalances on cells and tissues
- Body's buffer systems (3) and their function
- Models of metabolic acidosis
Chapter 15: Altered Ventilation and Diffusion
- Ventilation process explained
- Diffusion process explained
- Impaired ventilation's effects (hypoxemia, hypoxia, hypercapnia)
- Impaired diffusion's effects
- Ventilation-perfusion matching impacts
- Models: COPD (emphysema, chronic bronchitis), asthma, cystic fibrosis
Chapter 16: Altered Perfusion
- Path from ventilation to perfusion detailed
- Circulatory system's role (pulmonary, systemic, cardiac)
General Studying Advice
- Diverse resources: textbook, notes, pre-lecture material, videos (Brightspace)
- Avoid overreliance on PowerPoint slides; supplement with readings and class discussions
- Understand fundamental concepts (cell response, inflammation, tissue repair, infection)
- Review real-world diagnoses and their pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, tests, and treatments.
- Understand why certain processes happen (e.g., why disease occurs, why signs/symptoms present, why treatment is used)
- Practice applying critical thinking to scenarios (case studies)
- Exams are about demonstrating understanding, not memorization
- Electronic devices (phones, watches) must be placed in front of room at beginning of test
- Do not congregate near classroom after exam, unless for testing makeup
- Discussing test questions (pre-test) is inappropriate.
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Description
Prepare for the NUR 235 Exam 2 with this comprehensive review covering chapters 8, 9, 15, and 16 of the Applied Pathophysiology textbook. The quiz emphasizes crucial topics such as fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and ventilation processes. Test your understanding and ensure you're ready for your exam!
