NUR 1219 Medical-Surgical Nursing Module 3

Study Notes

Module covers key clinical manifestations of respiratory conditions, including both acute and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pneumonia, pneumothorax, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and COVID-19.
Focus on understanding nature, pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures, management, and nursing care for these diseases to prevent serious health complications.

Panlobular Emphysema and Centrilobular (Centroacinar) Emphysema are two main types.
Manifestations of Emphysema:
- Described as "pink puffer" with mild sputum production.
- Presents with barrel chest and significant dyspnea.
- Cough may be present.

Spirometry assesses lung function.
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) levels measure gas exchange.
Chest X-ray evaluates lung structure and pathology.
Alpha1-antitrypsin assay assesses for genetic deficiencies that impact lung function.

Drugs Used:
- Bronchodilators relieve bronchospasm.
- Inhaled and systemic corticosteroids reduce inflammation.
- Alpha1-antitrypsin augmentation for deficiency conditions.
- Antibiotics for infections.
- Mucolytic agents to thin mucus.
- Antitussive agents to suppress cough.
- Vasodilators and narcotics for symptom relief.
Surgical Options:
- Bullectomy to remove large bullae in emphysema.
- Lung Volume Reduction Surgery to enhance lung function.

Emphasizes teaching and coaching roles of nurses in managing critically ill patients.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation aims to reduce symptoms, enhance quality of life, and promote emotional well-being through physical activity.
Pursed-lip Breathing technique to slow expiration, prevent airway collapse, and regulate breath control.
Coordination of diaphragmatic breathing with activities to optimize respiratory efficiency.
Multi-disciplinary approach with healthcare teams for faster recovery of patients.