35 Questions
What is the primary function of nucleotides in all cells?
Serve as metabolic regulators
Which of the following is true regarding nucleotide derivatives?
They are activated intermediates in biosynthetic processes
What is a consequence of defects in nucleotide metabolism?
Association with some human disorders
How do several drugs used to treat cancer and bacterial infections typically function?
At the level of nucleotide metabolism
Which nucleotide serves as the major currency of energy in all cells?
ATP
What term is used to describe the group of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid in the genetic code?
Codons
Which term best describes the degeneracy of the genetic code?
Some amino acids have more than one codon
What is typically discarded during RNA processing?
Introns
In the genetic code, what do codons represent?
Amino acids
What is the direction in which codons are read by the translation machinery?
5' to 3'
What aspect of the genetic code ensures that each triplet specifies only one amino acid?
Unambiguity
What amino acid replaces glutamic acid in the HbS molecule found in sickle cell anemia?
Valine
In sickle-cell disease, which nucleotide change can lead to the production of an abnormal protein?
Adenine to thymine
The AB blood type is an example of what genetic phenomenon?
Codominance
Which genetic concept is exemplified when both alleles for A and B blood groups are dominant to the i allele?
Codominance
What genetic term describes a scenario where one gene affects multiple phenotypic characters?
Pleiotropy
Which blood type combination showcases two non-identical alleles that are both displayed?
(IAIB)
Which statement best describes the structure of a tRNA molecule?
A tRNA molecule looks like a cloverleaf when flattened into one plane due to base pairing.
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure of tRNA?
Hydrogen bonds help tRNA twist and fold into a three-dimensional molecule.
What is the significance of the wobble hypothesis in genetic translation?
The wobble hypothesis states that base pairing rules are relaxed at the third position of the codon.
In the context of the wobble hypothesis, what is meant by 'wobble'?
'Wobble' describes the flexibility in base pairing at the third position of the codon.
Why is the third position of a codon particularly important according to the wobble hypothesis?
The third position allows for redundancy in codons coding for the same amino acid due to wobble.
What distinguishes tRNA from other RNA molecules based on its structure?
tRNA forms a cloverleaf shape when flattened, unlike other RNA molecules.
In the context of genetics, what does the term 'norm of reaction' refer to?
The phenotypic range of a genotype influenced by the environment
Why do hydrangea flowers of the same genotype range from blue-violet to pink?
Depending on soil acidity
What type of characters exhibit broad norms of reaction and are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors?
Polygenic characters
If unattached earlobes are dominant to attached earlobes, what is the probability that two parents with unattached earlobes will have a child with attached earlobes?
0%
Based on the pedigree provided, what inheritance pattern does Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) follow?
X-linked recessive disorder
What is the name of the gene located on the Y chromosome that encodes the proteins determining maleness?
SRY gene
What is the genetic basis of Down Syndrome?
Extra copy of chromosome 21
Which condition results from an extra X chromosome in males?
Klinefelter syndrome
What is a characteristic feature of Turner syndrome individuals?
Fertility in females
Which syndrome results from a specific deletion in chromosome 5?
Cri du chat syndrome
What is the correlation between maternal age and the frequency of Down syndrome?
Frequency increases with maternal age
Which condition is caused by a missing chromosome in females?
Monosomy X
Learn about the significance of nucleotides as the building blocks for DNA and RNA, structural components of coenzymes, metabolic regulators, energy currency in cells, and their role in human disorders. Explore the use of nucleotide derivatives in biosynthetic processes and as activated intermediates.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
