18 Questions
What is the primary function of nucleotides in nucleic acids?
Store and transmit genetic information
Which component of a nucleotide forms the backbone of nucleic acids?
Phosphate group
In a DNA molecule, which nucleotide component extends out from the sugar-phosphate backbone?
Base
Which type of nucleotide contains deoxyribose, guanine, and phosphate?
Deoxyguanosine-5’ – monophosphate (dGMP)
Which nucleotide component is found in both DNA and RNA?
Adenine
What is the main difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?
Presence of a phosphate group
Which nitrogen-containing base in nucleic acids is a purine found in both RNA and DNA?
Adenine
What is the pyrimidine base found in RNA, but not in DNA?
Uracil
In DNA, which five-carbon sugar is used, with a hydroxyl group (--OH) missing at C2’?
Deoxyribose
Which base, with a double ring structure, is found in both RNA and DNA?
Guanine
What does the term 'deoxy' in deoxyribose indicate in DNA?
Absence of a hydroxyl group at C2'
Which nitrogen-containing base is a pyrimidine found only in RNA?
Uracil
What is the key difference between nucleosides and nucleotides?
Nucleosides are formed by a sugar and a base, while nucleotides have an additional phosphate group.
How are nucleotides in RNA and DNA different in terms of the sugar they contain?
RNA nucleotides contain ribose sugar, while DNA nucleotides contain deoxyribose sugar.
How are nucleosides that contain a purine distinguished in their naming?
They end with -osine.
Which part of the nucleotide structure forms phosphate esters?
-OH groups on ribose
What is the commonality between the names of DNA nucleosides and their corresponding nucleotides?
The names start with deoxy-.
What distinguishes the naming convention of RNA and DNA bases from each other?
-idine ending in RNA bases becomes -thymidine in DNA bases.
Test your knowledge on nucleic acids components and nucleotides. Identify pentose sugar, base, nucleoside, nucleotide, and their presence in DNA, RNA, or both. Practice identifying specific nucleotides and their components.
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