Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Structure in Cell Biology

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Questions and Answers

What is the directionality of a nucleic acid?

  • There is no directionality
  • Both directions are possible
  • 5’→3’ (correct)
  • 3’→5’

What is the type of bond that connects the sugar and phosphate groups in a nucleic acid?

  • Hydrogen bond
  • Peptide bond
  • Glycosidic bond
  • Phosphodiester bond (correct)

What is the shape of the DNA molecule according to the B-Form model?

  • Right-handed, parallel, double-stranded helix
  • Right-handed, antiparallel, double-stranded helix (correct)
  • Left-handed, parallel, double-stranded helix
  • Left-handed, antiparallel, double-stranded helix

What is the purpose of Chargaff's Rules in understanding DNA structure?

<p>To describe the base pairing rules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spacing of the sugar-phosphate backbone in a DNA molecule?

<p>34 Ã… (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of nucleotide addition during DNA replication?

<p>5´ → 3´ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the DNA in Kornberg's experiment?

<p>It served as a template for the synthesis of new DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

<p>DNA → RNA → Protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the process 'Translating the nucleotide sequence into protein sequence'?

<p>Protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pyrophosphatase in DNA replication?

<p>It breaks down pyrophosphate into inorganic phosphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a DNA sequence and an amino acid sequence?

<p>One DNA sequence corresponds to one amino acid sequence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in the transcription process?

<p>To unwind DNA about ten base pairs at a time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the RNA transcript and the DNA template strand?

<p>The RNA transcript is antiparallel to the DNA template strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

<p>5' to 3' direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) in transcription?

<p>To incorporate nucleotides into the RNA transcript (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the promoter region in transcription?

<p>To specify the start site for RNA synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the central dogma and the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

<p>The sequence of amino acids is encoded in the DNA sequence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the genetic code in translation?

<p>To specify which amino acids will be used to build a protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anticodon region of tRNA?

<p>To base pair with mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the start codon AUG in translation?

<p>It initiates protein synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the small subunit of the ribosome?

<p>One rRNA molecule and 33 proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ribosome in translation?

<p>To hold mRNA and charged tRNAs in the correct positions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the genetic code?

<p>It is redundant and universal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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