Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Structure in Cell Biology

23 Questions

What is the directionality of a nucleic acid?

5’→3’

What is the type of bond that connects the sugar and phosphate groups in a nucleic acid?

Phosphodiester bond

What is the shape of the DNA molecule according to the B-Form model?

Right-handed, antiparallel, double-stranded helix

What is the purpose of Chargaff's Rules in understanding DNA structure?

To describe the base pairing rules

What is the spacing of the sugar-phosphate backbone in a DNA molecule?

34 Å

What is the direction of nucleotide addition during DNA replication?

5´ → 3´

What is the role of the DNA in Kornberg's experiment?

It served as a template for the synthesis of new DNA

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA → RNA → Protein

What is the result of the process 'Translating the nucleotide sequence into protein sequence'?

Protein

What is the function of pyrophosphatase in DNA replication?

It breaks down pyrophosphate into inorganic phosphate

What is the relationship between a DNA sequence and an amino acid sequence?

One DNA sequence corresponds to one amino acid sequence

What is the role of RNA polymerase in the transcription process?

To unwind DNA about ten base pairs at a time

What is the relationship between the RNA transcript and the DNA template strand?

The RNA transcript is antiparallel to the DNA template strand

What is the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

5' to 3' direction

What is the role of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) in transcription?

To incorporate nucleotides into the RNA transcript

What is the function of the promoter region in transcription?

To specify the start site for RNA synthesis

What is the relationship between the central dogma and the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

The sequence of amino acids is encoded in the DNA sequence

What is the function of the genetic code in translation?

To specify which amino acids will be used to build a protein

What is the purpose of the anticodon region of tRNA?

To base pair with mRNA

What is the significance of the start codon AUG in translation?

It initiates protein synthesis

What is the composition of the small subunit of the ribosome?

One rRNA molecule and 33 proteins

What is the role of the ribosome in translation?

To hold mRNA and charged tRNAs in the correct positions

What is a characteristic of the genetic code?

It is redundant and universal

This quiz covers the structure and components of nucleotides and nucleic acids, including glycosidic and phosphodiester bonds, directionality, and sequence writing.

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