29 Questions
What did Walther Flemming discover in 1882?
Mitosis and the division of chromosomes
What did Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton independently work on in the early 1900s?
The chromosomal theory of inheritance
Which nitrogen base is replaced by uracil (U) in RNA?
Thymine (T)
Who first outlined DNA as the transforming principle in 1944?
Oswald Avery
What did Erwin Chargaff discover between 1944 and 1950?
That DNA is responsible for heredity and varies between species
Which scientist isolated the five nitrogen bases that are considered the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA?
Albrecht Kossel
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA encoding genetic information that is copied into complementary RNA
What are the three major biopolymers required for life based on current biochemistry?
DNA, RNA, proteins
What crucial property do polymers accumulating during the origin of life need to possess?
Capacity to catalyze reactions leading to production of more molecules of the catalyst
What is a proposed primitive biochemistry dominated genetically and functionally by RNA called?
RNA World
What observation supported the existence of an RNA World in the 1960s?
Complex folding of RNA into three-dimensional structures like proteins
What revelation added strong circumstantial evidence for the RNA World theory?
Discovery that the ribosome is a ribozyme
What were Chargaff's Rules about?
The ratio of guanine to cytosine and adenine to thymine in DNA
What did Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography images reveal about DNA?
The helical form of DNA
Who first published the double helix structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
What did Johann Friedrich Miescher discover?
A weakly acidic substance in the nuclei of white blood cells
What did elemental analysis of nucleic acids reveal?
The presence of phosphorus
What did the complete hydrolysis of chromosomal nucleic acids yield?
Inorganic phosphate, 2-deoxyribose, and four different heterocyclic bases
What is the main focus of the given text?
The importance of RNA and RNA-like cofactors in modern metabolism
What is the significance of the discovery of catalytic RNAs, known as ribozymes?
It provided evidence for the theory that RNA could fold into complex three-dimensional structures like proteins.
What is the process of FOLDING in the biological world?
The rearrangement of a polymer into a more small and compact shape by physical forces to take the shape proper for its function.
What is the key difference between a ribozyme and a proteinaceous enzyme?
Ribozymes are composed of RNA, while proteinaceous enzymes are composed of amino acids.
Who is credited with naming DNA?
Albrecht Kossel
What is the full name of the abbreviation 'DNA'?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the acidic character of nucleic acids attributed to?
The phosphoric acid moiety
What is the difference between the R strain and the S strain of bacteria?
The R strain has a rough cell surface and lacks capsules, while the S strain has a smooth cell surface due to the presence of capsules.
What did Oswald Avery and colleagues demonstrate about bacterial DNA?
It was the genetic agent that carried information from one organism to another.
What is the relationship between DNA and RNA in terms of their sugar components?
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar component, while RNA has a ribose sugar component.
What is the key difference between the DNA of single-celled organisms like bacteria and the DNA of multicellular organisms?
Bacteria have a nucleoid region associated with specific proteins, while multicellular organisms have a true nucleus.
Test your knowledge on the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in the context of Nucleic Acid Synthesis & Metabolism (BIO211) course. Explore the world of RNA and its role in genetic information transfer.
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