Nucleic Acid Synthesis & Metabolism (BIO211) Quiz

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What did Walther Flemming discover in 1882?

DNA as the transforming principle

Mitosis and the division of chromosomes (correct)

The chromosomal theory of inheritance

The four nitrogen bases of DNA

What did Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton independently work on in the early 1900s?

The chromosomal theory of inheritance (correct)

The discovery of mitosis and chromosome division

The identification of DNA as the transforming principle

The isolation of the five nitrogen bases of DNA and RNA

Which nitrogen base is replaced by uracil (U) in RNA?

Guanine (G)

Cytosine (C)

Adenine (A)

Thymine (T) (correct)

Who first outlined DNA as the transforming principle in 1944?

Oswald Avery Signup and view all the answers

What did Erwin Chargaff discover between 1944 and 1950?

That DNA is responsible for heredity and varies between species Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist isolated the five nitrogen bases that are considered the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA?

Albrecht Kossel Signup and view all the answers

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA encoding genetic information that is copied into complementary RNA Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major biopolymers required for life based on current biochemistry?

DNA, RNA, proteins Signup and view all the answers

What crucial property do polymers accumulating during the origin of life need to possess?

Capacity to catalyze reactions leading to production of more molecules of the catalyst Signup and view all the answers

What is a proposed primitive biochemistry dominated genetically and functionally by RNA called?

RNA World Signup and view all the answers

What observation supported the existence of an RNA World in the 1960s?

Complex folding of RNA into three-dimensional structures like proteins Signup and view all the answers

What revelation added strong circumstantial evidence for the RNA World theory?

Discovery that the ribosome is a ribozyme Signup and view all the answers

What were Chargaff's Rules about?

The ratio of guanine to cytosine and adenine to thymine in DNA Signup and view all the answers

What did Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography images reveal about DNA?

The helical form of DNA Signup and view all the answers

Who first published the double helix structure of DNA?

Watson and Crick Signup and view all the answers

What did Johann Friedrich Miescher discover?

A weakly acidic substance in the nuclei of white blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What did elemental analysis of nucleic acids reveal?

The presence of phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

What did the complete hydrolysis of chromosomal nucleic acids yield?

Inorganic phosphate, 2-deoxyribose, and four different heterocyclic bases Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the given text?

The importance of RNA and RNA-like cofactors in modern metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the discovery of catalytic RNAs, known as ribozymes?

It provided evidence for the theory that RNA could fold into complex three-dimensional structures like proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of FOLDING in the biological world?

The rearrangement of a polymer into a more small and compact shape by physical forces to take the shape proper for its function. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a ribozyme and a proteinaceous enzyme?

Ribozymes are composed of RNA, while proteinaceous enzymes are composed of amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with naming DNA?

Albrecht Kossel Signup and view all the answers

What is the full name of the abbreviation 'DNA'?

Deoxyribonucleic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the acidic character of nucleic acids attributed to?

The phosphoric acid moiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the R strain and the S strain of bacteria?

The R strain has a rough cell surface and lacks capsules, while the S strain has a smooth cell surface due to the presence of capsules. Signup and view all the answers

What did Oswald Avery and colleagues demonstrate about bacterial DNA?

It was the genetic agent that carried information from one organism to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between DNA and RNA in terms of their sugar components?

DNA has a deoxyribose sugar component, while RNA has a ribose sugar component. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the DNA of single-celled organisms like bacteria and the DNA of multicellular organisms?

Bacteria have a nucleoid region associated with specific proteins, while multicellular organisms have a true nucleus. Signup and view all the answers