Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which method is NOT commonly used to assess central analgesic activity?
Which method is NOT commonly used to assess central analgesic activity?
- Cold pressor method (correct)
- Tail immersion method
- Tail clip method
- Hot plate method
What is the primary purpose of the tail immersion method?
What is the primary purpose of the tail immersion method?
- To measure pain threshold (correct)
- To determine body temperature
- To assess reaction time
- To evaluate sedation levels
Which of the following methods involves subjecting the tail to a specific temperature environment?
Which of the following methods involves subjecting the tail to a specific temperature environment?
- Tail immersion method (correct)
- Tail clip method
- Scalding method
- Hot plate method
What is the primary mechanism of action for NSAIDs?
What is the primary mechanism of action for NSAIDs?
Which method typically assesses pain response by applying pressure?
Which method typically assesses pain response by applying pressure?
Which of the following activities do NSAIDs exhibit?
Which of the following activities do NSAIDs exhibit?
Among the following, which method is specifically designed to evaluate thermal pain sensitivity?
Among the following, which method is specifically designed to evaluate thermal pain sensitivity?
NSAIDs can vary in their effectiveness for which of the following reasons?
NSAIDs can vary in their effectiveness for which of the following reasons?
Which enzyme's inhibition is crucial in the action of NSAIDs?
Which enzyme's inhibition is crucial in the action of NSAIDs?
Which of the following drugs would NOT be classified as an NSAID?
Which of the following drugs would NOT be classified as an NSAID?
What behavior do animals exhibit when stimulated by acetic acid?
What behavior do animals exhibit when stimulated by acetic acid?
What substance is mentioned as a potential irritant for inducing behavior in animals?
What substance is mentioned as a potential irritant for inducing behavior in animals?
What is the primary purpose of injecting an irritant into the animals?
What is the primary purpose of injecting an irritant into the animals?
Which of the following is a direct effect of the stimulation with acetic acid on the animals?
Which of the following is a direct effect of the stimulation with acetic acid on the animals?
The writhing behavior in response to irritation is primarily characterized by what?
The writhing behavior in response to irritation is primarily characterized by what?
What does the term 'writhing' primarily involve?
What does the term 'writhing' primarily involve?
Which of the following actions is NOT associated with writhing?
Which of the following actions is NOT associated with writhing?
In writhing, which body part is primarily involved in the extension?
In writhing, which body part is primarily involved in the extension?
Which movement is characterized as a twisting or turning action in the context of writhing?
Which movement is characterized as a twisting or turning action in the context of writhing?
What is the primary purpose of writhing movements?
What is the primary purpose of writhing movements?
What is the purpose of counting the number of writhes in animals during a specific time frame?
What is the purpose of counting the number of writhes in animals during a specific time frame?
After how many minutes post-injection is the observation for writhes counted?
After how many minutes post-injection is the observation for writhes counted?
What outcome indicates that a drug possesses analgesic activity in the animal model?
What outcome indicates that a drug possesses analgesic activity in the animal model?
What duration is used for the observation of writhing behavior in this study?
What duration is used for the observation of writhing behavior in this study?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for counting writhes in this context?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for counting writhes in this context?
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Study Notes
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
- NSAIDs are a diverse group of drugs with different antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
- They primarily work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are crucial in the first step of prostanoid biosynthesis.
Methods for Central Analgesic Activity
- Hot plate method: This method tests an animal's reaction to heat.
- Tail immersion method: This method involves immersing the animal's tail in hot water.
- Tail clip method: This method involves applying a painful stimulus to the animal's tail.
- Acetic acid induced writhing: After injecting an irritant (like acetic acid), animals display a characteristic stretching, abdominal constriction, and trunk twisting behavior.
- Writhing count: This is an indicator of pain relief. Animals treated with analgesic drugs will have a lower writhing count compared to control groups. The writhing count is calculated by counting the number of times an animal stretches, twists, and constricts its abdomen within a specific period, usually 30 minutes, starting 5 minutes after acetic acid injection.
Analgesic Activity
- If a drug possesses analgesic activity, it will reduce the number of writhing movements in the animal compared to a control group.
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