Normal Flora and Defense Mechanisms of the Eye
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Questions and Answers

How do eye pathogens typically enter the intraocular site?

  • By systemic infections (correct)
  • Via uveal or vascular tracts
  • Through direct inoculation only
  • Through oral ingestion

    • What is the most common mechanism by which eye pathogens cause damage?

  • Causing host cell damage (correct)
  • Adherence to host cells
  • Evading host defense mechanisms
  • Invasion of tissues

    • Which of the following is mentioned as a potential cause of eye infections in dogs and horses?

  • Corynebacterium pneumonia
  • Leptospira infection (correct)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa dermatitis
  • Streptococcus septicemia

    • In what way are intraocular infections through direct inoculation considered?

    <p>Rare and often unilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species are susceptible to eye infections from Borrelia burgdorferi?

    <p>Dogs and horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical outcome of infectious agents or immune complexes becoming established in the uvea?

    <p>Chorioretinitis and anterior uveitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of bacteria found in the normal flora of the conjunctiva?

    <p>Staphylococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tears and blinking contribute to defense mechanisms of the eye?

    <p>Rinse the ocular surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a predisposing factor for extraocular infections?

    <p>Immunosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common route of pathogen entry for intraocular infections?

    <p>Through blood circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does indiscriminate antibiotic use affect the defense mechanisms of the eye?

    <p>Disrupts normal flora defense mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an antibacterial substance in tears and blinking mechanisms?

    <p>Hyaluronic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can M.bovis be controlled?

    <p>Avoid predisposing factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common fungal infection in horses and production animals?

    <p>Fungal keratitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Fungal Keratitis typically transmitted?

    <p>Inoculation of organisms into traumatized corneal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might Fungal virulence factors do to inhibit healing in Fungal Keratitis?

    <p>Reduce cell-mediated phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the presenting signs of a 10-week-old kitten with Acute Conjunctivitis & URTI?

    <p>Depression, fever, and inappetence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis for a kitten showing signs of depression, fever, and ocular discharge?

    <p>Acute Conjunctivitis &amp; URTI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common lesion caused by Toxoplasma gondii in intraocular infections?

    <p>Multifocal dark gray infiltrates in the tapetal fundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite can cause acute disease in young kittens or reactivation of latent tissue cysts following immunosuppression?

    <p>T.gondii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with chorioretinitis caused by T.gondii?

    <p>Multifocal dark gray infiltrates in the tapetal fundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infectious agent is responsible for causing keratoconjunctivitis in cats?

    <p>FHV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common extraocular infection that can cause blepharitis in cats?

    <p>Demodex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with causing uveitis in cats?

    <p>CDV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three broad categories of fungal infections of the eye?

    <p>Superficial keratitis, Deep stromal keratitis, Endophthalmitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common bacterial pathogen that causes ocular infections in domestic animals?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite may be involved in ocular infections?

    <p>Toxoplasma gondii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What viruses cause ocular disease in domestic animals?

    <p>Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), Canine distemper virus (CDV), Canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the strategies for diagnosing infections of the eye?

    <p>Slit-lamp examination, Ocular cytology, Microbiological culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors may predispose to infections of the eye?

    <p>Immunodeficiency, Ocular trauma, Inadequate tear production</p> Signup and view all the answers

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