Normal Flora and Defense Mechanisms of the Eye

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How do eye pathogens typically enter the intraocular site?

By systemic infections (correct)

Via uveal or vascular tracts

Through direct inoculation only

Through oral ingestion

What is the most common mechanism by which eye pathogens cause damage?

Causing host cell damage (correct)

Adherence to host cells

Evading host defense mechanisms

Invasion of tissues

Which of the following is mentioned as a potential cause of eye infections in dogs and horses?

Corynebacterium pneumonia

Leptospira infection (correct)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa dermatitis

Streptococcus septicemia

In what way are intraocular infections through direct inoculation considered?

Rare and often unilateral (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which species are susceptible to eye infections from Borrelia burgdorferi?

Dogs and horses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of infectious agents or immune complexes becoming established in the uvea?

Chorioretinitis and anterior uveitis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of bacteria found in the normal flora of the conjunctiva?

Staphylococci (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do tears and blinking contribute to defense mechanisms of the eye?

Rinse the ocular surface (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a predisposing factor for extraocular infections?

Immunosuppression (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common route of pathogen entry for intraocular infections?

Through blood circulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does indiscriminate antibiotic use affect the defense mechanisms of the eye?

Disrupts normal flora defense mechanisms (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an antibacterial substance in tears and blinking mechanisms?

Hyaluronic acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can M.bovis be controlled?

Avoid predisposing factors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common fungal infection in horses and production animals?

Fungal keratitis (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is Fungal Keratitis typically transmitted?

Inoculation of organisms into traumatized corneal epithelium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What might Fungal virulence factors do to inhibit healing in Fungal Keratitis?

Reduce cell-mediated phagocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the presenting signs of a 10-week-old kitten with Acute Conjunctivitis & URTI?

Depression, fever, and inappetence (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis for a kitten showing signs of depression, fever, and ocular discharge?

Acute Conjunctivitis & URTI (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common lesion caused by Toxoplasma gondii in intraocular infections?

Multifocal dark gray infiltrates in the tapetal fundus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite can cause acute disease in young kittens or reactivation of latent tissue cysts following immunosuppression?

T.gondii (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with chorioretinitis caused by T.gondii?

Multifocal dark gray infiltrates in the tapetal fundus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which infectious agent is responsible for causing keratoconjunctivitis in cats?

FHV-1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common extraocular infection that can cause blepharitis in cats?

Demodex (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with causing uveitis in cats?

CDV (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three broad categories of fungal infections of the eye?

Superficial keratitis, Deep stromal keratitis, Endophthalmitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common bacterial pathogen that causes ocular infections in domestic animals?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite may be involved in ocular infections?

Toxoplasma gondii (D) Signup and view all the answers

What viruses cause ocular disease in domestic animals?

Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), Canine distemper virus (CDV), Canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the strategies for diagnosing infections of the eye?

Slit-lamp examination, Ocular cytology, Microbiological culture (A) Signup and view all the answers

What factors may predispose to infections of the eye?

Immunodeficiency, Ocular trauma, Inadequate tear production (B) Signup and view all the answers