Normal Flora and Defense Mechanisms of the Eye
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Questions and Answers

How do eye pathogens typically enter the intraocular site?

  • By systemic infections (correct)
  • Via uveal or vascular tracts
  • Through direct inoculation only
  • Through oral ingestion

What is the most common mechanism by which eye pathogens cause damage?

  • Causing host cell damage (correct)
  • Adherence to host cells
  • Evading host defense mechanisms
  • Invasion of tissues

Which of the following is mentioned as a potential cause of eye infections in dogs and horses?

  • Corynebacterium pneumonia
  • Leptospira infection (correct)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa dermatitis
  • Streptococcus septicemia

In what way are intraocular infections through direct inoculation considered?

<p>Rare and often unilateral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species are susceptible to eye infections from Borrelia burgdorferi?

<p>Dogs and horses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of infectious agents or immune complexes becoming established in the uvea?

<p>Chorioretinitis and anterior uveitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of bacteria found in the normal flora of the conjunctiva?

<p>Staphylococci (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tears and blinking contribute to defense mechanisms of the eye?

<p>Rinse the ocular surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a predisposing factor for extraocular infections?

<p>Immunosuppression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common route of pathogen entry for intraocular infections?

<p>Through blood circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does indiscriminate antibiotic use affect the defense mechanisms of the eye?

<p>Disrupts normal flora defense mechanisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an antibacterial substance in tears and blinking mechanisms?

<p>Hyaluronic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can M.bovis be controlled?

<p>Avoid predisposing factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common fungal infection in horses and production animals?

<p>Fungal keratitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Fungal Keratitis typically transmitted?

<p>Inoculation of organisms into traumatized corneal epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might Fungal virulence factors do to inhibit healing in Fungal Keratitis?

<p>Reduce cell-mediated phagocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the presenting signs of a 10-week-old kitten with Acute Conjunctivitis & URTI?

<p>Depression, fever, and inappetence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis for a kitten showing signs of depression, fever, and ocular discharge?

<p>Acute Conjunctivitis &amp; URTI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common lesion caused by Toxoplasma gondii in intraocular infections?

<p>Multifocal dark gray infiltrates in the tapetal fundus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite can cause acute disease in young kittens or reactivation of latent tissue cysts following immunosuppression?

<p>T.gondii (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with chorioretinitis caused by T.gondii?

<p>Multifocal dark gray infiltrates in the tapetal fundus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infectious agent is responsible for causing keratoconjunctivitis in cats?

<p>FHV-1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common extraocular infection that can cause blepharitis in cats?

<p>Demodex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with causing uveitis in cats?

<p>CDV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three broad categories of fungal infections of the eye?

<p>Superficial keratitis, Deep stromal keratitis, Endophthalmitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common bacterial pathogen that causes ocular infections in domestic animals?

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite may be involved in ocular infections?

<p>Toxoplasma gondii (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What viruses cause ocular disease in domestic animals?

<p>Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), Canine distemper virus (CDV), Canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the strategies for diagnosing infections of the eye?

<p>Slit-lamp examination, Ocular cytology, Microbiological culture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors may predispose to infections of the eye?

<p>Immunodeficiency, Ocular trauma, Inadequate tear production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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