30 Questions
How do eye pathogens typically enter the intraocular site?
By systemic infections
What is the most common mechanism by which eye pathogens cause damage?
Causing host cell damage
Which of the following is mentioned as a potential cause of eye infections in dogs and horses?
Leptospira infection
In what way are intraocular infections through direct inoculation considered?
Rare and often unilateral
Which species are susceptible to eye infections from Borrelia burgdorferi?
Dogs and horses
What is the typical outcome of infectious agents or immune complexes becoming established in the uvea?
Chorioretinitis and anterior uveitis
What is the primary type of bacteria found in the normal flora of the conjunctiva?
Staphylococci
How do tears and blinking contribute to defense mechanisms of the eye?
Rinse the ocular surface
What is a predisposing factor for extraocular infections?
Immunosuppression
What is a common route of pathogen entry for intraocular infections?
Through blood circulation
How does indiscriminate antibiotic use affect the defense mechanisms of the eye?
Disrupts normal flora defense mechanisms
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an antibacterial substance in tears and blinking mechanisms?
Hyaluronic acid
How can M.bovis be controlled?
Avoid predisposing factors
What is a common fungal infection in horses and production animals?
Fungal keratitis
How is Fungal Keratitis typically transmitted?
Inoculation of organisms into traumatized corneal epithelium
What might Fungal virulence factors do to inhibit healing in Fungal Keratitis?
Reduce cell-mediated phagocytosis
What are the presenting signs of a 10-week-old kitten with Acute Conjunctivitis & URTI?
Depression, fever, and inappetence
What is the likely diagnosis for a kitten showing signs of depression, fever, and ocular discharge?
Acute Conjunctivitis & URTI
What is the most common lesion caused by Toxoplasma gondii in intraocular infections?
Multifocal dark gray infiltrates in the tapetal fundus
Which parasite can cause acute disease in young kittens or reactivation of latent tissue cysts following immunosuppression?
T.gondii
What is a common symptom associated with chorioretinitis caused by T.gondii?
Multifocal dark gray infiltrates in the tapetal fundus
Which infectious agent is responsible for causing keratoconjunctivitis in cats?
FHV-1
What is a common extraocular infection that can cause blepharitis in cats?
Demodex
Which virus is associated with causing uveitis in cats?
CDV
What are the three broad categories of fungal infections of the eye?
Superficial keratitis, Deep stromal keratitis, Endophthalmitis
What is a common bacterial pathogen that causes ocular infections in domestic animals?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which parasite may be involved in ocular infections?
Toxoplasma gondii
What viruses cause ocular disease in domestic animals?
Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), Canine distemper virus (CDV), Canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1)
What are the strategies for diagnosing infections of the eye?
Slit-lamp examination, Ocular cytology, Microbiological culture
What factors may predispose to infections of the eye?
Immunodeficiency, Ocular trauma, Inadequate tear production
Learn about the normal flora present in the conjunctiva of the eye, including their role in colonization resistance. Explore the defense mechanisms of the eye, such as tears and blinking, that help protect against pathogens. Understand how indiscriminate use of antibiotics can disrupt the natural defense mechanisms of the eye.
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