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Questions and Answers
How does the pupil regulate the amount of light that passes into the rear chamber of the eye?
How does the pupil regulate the amount of light that passes into the rear chamber of the eye?
By adjusting the size of the iris
The neural tissue that absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain is?
The neural tissue that absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain is?
the retina
Which part of the eye is responsible for limited color vision in colorblindness?
Which part of the eye is responsible for limited color vision in colorblindness?
Cones
What is the process called when it becomes easier to see in low light after a minute?
What is the process called when it becomes easier to see in low light after a minute?
Which part of the eye is most responsible for night vision and peripheral vision?
Which part of the eye is most responsible for night vision and peripheral vision?
Why did Woojin's eye hurt more when it was open than when it was closed?
Why did Woojin's eye hurt more when it was open than when it was closed?
At which point do the axons from each eye cross to project an image to the opposite half of the brain?
At which point do the axons from each eye cross to project an image to the opposite half of the brain?
Perceived color is a function of?
Perceived color is a function of?
Which theory supports the idea that color perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colors?
Which theory supports the idea that color perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colors?
Which cortical stream helps determine where objects are located?
Which cortical stream helps determine where objects are located?
What is the progression of perception from individual elements to seeing the whole called?
What is the progression of perception from individual elements to seeing the whole called?
What was Eloisa using when learning to read by looking at the whole word and pictures?
What was Eloisa using when learning to read by looking at the whole word and pictures?
Which Gestalt principle would students use to divide workers in a picture based on size?
Which Gestalt principle would students use to divide workers in a picture based on size?
What is the hypothesis responsible for how we see patterns of sensory cues?
What is the hypothesis responsible for how we see patterns of sensory cues?
Retinal disparity supports which cue of depth perception?
Retinal disparity supports which cue of depth perception?
Which perceptual cue helped Aviva determine distance in a painting?
Which perceptual cue helped Aviva determine distance in a painting?
What might account for Aisha's unchanging view of the city and the ocean as she got closer?
What might account for Aisha's unchanging view of the city and the ocean as she got closer?
What is the basic assumption of Gestalt psychology?
What is the basic assumption of Gestalt psychology?
Which perceptual task helped Arayla localize her friends before the call was answered?
Which perceptual task helped Arayla localize her friends before the call was answered?
What might make Yui's voice more difficult for her grandfather to hear?
What might make Yui's voice more difficult for her grandfather to hear?
Which part of the ear converts waves into neural signals sent to the brain?
Which part of the ear converts waves into neural signals sent to the brain?
Where are the receptors for hearing located?
Where are the receptors for hearing located?
How does the brain detect sound frequency based on the activity along the basilar membrane?
How does the brain detect sound frequency based on the activity along the basilar membrane?
What receptors did Desmon likely damage when he burned his tongue?
What receptors did Desmon likely damage when he burned his tongue?
What process caused Julius to no longer notice the level of spiciness in his enchilada?
What process caused Julius to no longer notice the level of spiciness in his enchilada?
Where are the hair-like receptors for smell located?
Where are the hair-like receptors for smell located?
Which sensory system is not routed through the thalamus before moving to the cortex?
Which sensory system is not routed through the thalamus before moving to the cortex?
Which part of the brain is primarily devoted to processing signals from the fingers, lips, and tongue?
Which part of the brain is primarily devoted to processing signals from the fingers, lips, and tongue?
Through which type of system did the receptors for pain pass on their way to the thalamus when Ahmed felt pain?
Through which type of system did the receptors for pain pass on their way to the thalamus when Ahmed felt pain?
What might explain why Jewel did not experience pain while she was running her first half marathon?
What might explain why Jewel did not experience pain while she was running her first half marathon?
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Study Notes
Eye Anatomy and Function
- The pupil regulates light entry by adjusting the iris size.
- The retina absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain.
- Cones in the eye are responsible for color vision; their dysfunction leads to colorblindness.
- Rods are crucial for night vision and peripheral vision.
Visual Processing
- Dark adaptation is the process of adjusting vision in low light, improving after about 10 minutes.
- The optic chiasm is where axons from both eyes cross to project images to opposite brain hemispheres.
- Perceived color correlates with dominant wavelengths.
- The opponent process theory suggests color perception arises from antagonistic responses to color pairs.
Visual Perception Mechanisms
- The dorsal stream aids in locating objects, such as identifying a coffee cup.
- Bottom-up processing involves recognizing individual elements before seeing the whole.
- Top-down processing is when prior knowledge or context influences recognition, as in reading.
- The figure-ground principle helps differentiate between objects and their backgrounds in visual perception.
Depth Perception
- Binocular depth cues, like retinal disparity, allow depth perception based on slightly different views from each eye.
- Pictorial depth cues convey depth in flat images, aiding interpretation of distance in paintings.
- Perceptual constancy maintains visual consistency of objects, even from varying distances.
Gestalt Principles
- Gestalt psychology posits that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, emphasizing holistic perception.
Auditory and Olfactory Systems
- Auditory localization assists in identifying the direction of sounds, exemplified by phone calls.
- Higher pitch makes sounds harder for older adults to hear.
- The inner ear converts sound waves into neural signals.
- Hair-like receptors for hearing are located in the cochlea.
Sensory Reception and Adaptation
- Gustatory receptors are involved in taste; damage can occur from extreme temperatures.
- Sensory adaptation describes the diminished perception of constant stimuli, such as spices in food.
- Olfactory receptors are situated in the upper nasal passage and smell is the only sensory system not routed through the thalamus.
Pain and Sensation
- The somatosensory cortex processes signals from sensitive body areas, including fingers and lips.
- Fast pathways relay pain signals quickly to the thalamus.
- Endorphins may prevent the sensation of pain during strenuous activities, such as running a marathon.
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