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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements is true about β2-microglobulin?
Which of the following statements is true about β2-microglobulin?
- It is associated with T-lymphocytes.
- Its secretion decreases in tumor.
- It is effective in renal diseases.
- It is used as a tumor marker for B-lymphocyte malignancy provided renal function is normal. (correct)
What clinical applications does Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) have in the context of prostatic cancer?
What clinical applications does Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) have in the context of prostatic cancer?
- Used for early robust detection without screening.
- Used for treating cancer.
- Helps in follow-up and early detection particularly by measuring free PSA or PSA density. (correct)
- Helps in determining the vulnerability of epithelial tissues.
For which condition is Monoclonal Immunoglobulin primarily used as a tumor marker?
For which condition is Monoclonal Immunoglobulin primarily used as a tumor marker?
- Prostate cancer
- Multiple myeloma (correct)
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Renal carcinoma
Which of the following is not true about markers produced by specific cell types?
Which of the following is not true about markers produced by specific cell types?
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Why are enzymes produced by tumors considered to have little clinical importance?
Why are enzymes produced by tumors considered to have little clinical importance?
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In what context is β2-microglobulin affected and cannot be reliably used as a tumor marker?
In what context is β2-microglobulin affected and cannot be reliably used as a tumor marker?
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Study Notes
Normal Cell Products
Markers Produced by Specific Cell Types
- β2-microglobulin is a HLA-antigen associated protein normally present on the cell wall of B-lymphocytes.
- It is used as a tumor marker for follow-up of malignancy of B-lymphocytes, such as lymphoma and leukemia.
- Renal function affects β2-microglobulin levels, so normal renal function is required for accurate results.
Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA)
- PSA is normally confined to the epithelial tissue of the prostate.
- It is used as a tumor marker in prostatic cancer for:
- Screening, in conjunction with digital rectal examination.
- Early detection, particularly by measuring free PSA or PSA density (PSA / prostate volume by ultrasound).
- Follow-up.
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin
- Monoclonal Immunoglobulin is used as a tumor marker for early detection and follow-up of multiple myeloma.
Markers Produced by Many Cells
- Enzymes produced by tumors have low specificity and therefore limited clinical importance.
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