6 Questions
Which of the following statements is true about β2-microglobulin?
It is used as a tumor marker for B-lymphocyte malignancy provided renal function is normal.
What clinical applications does Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) have in the context of prostatic cancer?
Helps in follow-up and early detection particularly by measuring free PSA or PSA density.
For which condition is Monoclonal Immunoglobulin primarily used as a tumor marker?
Multiple myeloma
Which of the following is not true about markers produced by specific cell types?
They are produced by many different cell types.
Why are enzymes produced by tumors considered to have little clinical importance?
They are produced by many cells and have low specificity.
In what context is β2-microglobulin affected and cannot be reliably used as a tumor marker?
In cases of renal diseases.
Study Notes
Normal Cell Products
Markers Produced by Specific Cell Types
- β2-microglobulin is a HLA-antigen associated protein normally present on the cell wall of B-lymphocytes.
- It is used as a tumor marker for follow-up of malignancy of B-lymphocytes, such as lymphoma and leukemia.
- Renal function affects β2-microglobulin levels, so normal renal function is required for accurate results.
Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA)
- PSA is normally confined to the epithelial tissue of the prostate.
- It is used as a tumor marker in prostatic cancer for:
- Screening, in conjunction with digital rectal examination.
- Early detection, particularly by measuring free PSA or PSA density (PSA / prostate volume by ultrasound).
- Follow-up.
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin
- Monoclonal Immunoglobulin is used as a tumor marker for early detection and follow-up of multiple myeloma.
Markers Produced by Many Cells
- Enzymes produced by tumors have low specificity and therefore limited clinical importance.
Learn about normal cell products that can be used as tumor markers, including those produced by specific cell types and their clinical importance in monitoring malignancies.
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