Questions and Answers
What type of gesture involves meaningful signals known by specific cultures?
Which type of gesture creates an echo of speech but does not convey the same meaning as the words used?
Which gesture refers to something existing in shared memory through a figurative 'pointing at'?
What gesture type accompanies the rhythm of speech for emphasis?
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What is an example of an emblem gesture in the UK culture?
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Which of the following gestures is used to indicate a physical object, instead often tapping into shared understanding?
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Which gesture type could involve showing a large distance metaphorically through hand movements?
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Which type of gesture might be used to signal in a more abstract manner rather than indicating an object directly?
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What was a major consequence of the adoption of Oralism in deaf education?
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Who were the key figures involved in the establishment of sign language education in America?
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What is a significant feature of sign languages according to the content?
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What issue was addressed by the apology issued to the deaf community in 2013?
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Which statement about the nature of sign languages is NOT true?
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What challenge do individuals using alternate sign languages face according to the content?
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What was the main outcome of the Milan convention regarding deaf education?
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Which component is NOT considered an articulatory parameter in Sign Language?
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How does finger-spelling function in Sign Language?
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What was a significant consequence of denying Deaf children access to language?
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Which aspect of communication is emphasized in Sign Language articulation?
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What does the term 'oralism' refer to in the context of Deaf education?
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How are signs in Sign Language characterized in relation to pictorial images?
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What impact did the emphasis on learning oral languages have on Deaf children?
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Study Notes
Gestures and Sign Languages
- Gestures enhance speech, often involving hand movements to complement verbal communication.
- Emblems are culturally specific gestures that convey fixed meanings, like the "V" sign for victory or peace.
- Iconics are gestures that visually represent or echo the spoken message without matching its exact meaning.
- Deictics serve to reference shared experiences or objects within a common context, akin to figurative pointing.
- Beats are hand movements that align with the rhythm of speech, providing emphasis to spoken words.
Sign Language Insights
- Sign language is a fully developed visual language, crucial for cognitive development and communication among deaf individuals.
- American Sign Language (ASL) possesses its own complex vocabulary and grammatical structure, distinct from spoken languages.
- The ban on sign language in America was influenced by the belief that deaf individuals should use oralism (lip reading and speaking).
- The Milan Conference led to decisions that restricted access to sign languages, adversely affecting deaf education and communication.
Notable Figures in Sign Language History
- Laurent Clerc and Thomas Gallaudet were instrumental in the establishment of ASL and deaf education in the United States.
- An apology was issued to the deaf community in 2013, acknowledging past injustices and the denial of linguistic rights.
Articulatory Parameters of Sign Language
- Key parameters used in sign language include hand shape, palm orientation, location, movement, and non-manual signals such as facial expressions and head movements.
- Finger-spelling is a method of using hand configurations to represent letters of the alphabet, highlighting the uniqueness of sign languages.
Societal Implications and Developments
- The shift towards oralism restricted the linguistic development of deaf children, resulting in language delays and deprivation.
- The recognition of sign languages as legitimate forms of communication has evolved, emphasizing the need for inclusive practices in education and healthcare.
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Description
Explore the different types of gestures, including emblems, iconics, deictics, and beats, and their role in enhancing speech and conveying meaning.
