Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a fibroadenoma?
What is a fibroadenoma?
- A benign breast lesion consisting of fibrotic stroma and glandular tissue (correct)
- A malignant breast lesion composed of fibrotic stroma and glandular tissue
- A type of ovarian tumor with unknown etiology
- An aggressive form of breast cancer
How are complex fibroadenomas different from simple ones?
How are complex fibroadenomas different from simple ones?
- They are associated with histologic characteristics like cysts greater than three millimeters in diameter, sclerosing adenosis, epithelium calcifications, or papillary changes (correct)
- They tend to cause nipple discharge
- They are usually smaller in size
- They are more likely to be malignant
What is the likely etiology of benign breast disease like fibroadenomas?
What is the likely etiology of benign breast disease like fibroadenomas?
- Genetic mutations
- An exaggerated response to normal cyclic hormonal stimuli (correct)
- Exposure to environmental toxins
- Immune system dysfunction
Why might a fine needle aspiration be necessary if a mass is found in the breast?
Why might a fine needle aspiration be necessary if a mass is found in the breast?
What is the recommended management approach for breast lesions less than three centimeters?
What is the recommended management approach for breast lesions less than three centimeters?
What is the risk of developing malignancy in benign breast disease without atypia if not excised?
What is the risk of developing malignancy in benign breast disease without atypia if not excised?
Which of the following is a possible cause of fibrocystic breast disease?
Which of the following is a possible cause of fibrocystic breast disease?
What percentage of women in the United States have some degree of fibrocystic breast disease?
What percentage of women in the United States have some degree of fibrocystic breast disease?
What is the age group where fibrocystic breast disease is more common?
What is the age group where fibrocystic breast disease is more common?
Which of the following may help with non-pharmacologic management of fibrocystic breast disease?
Which of the following may help with non-pharmacologic management of fibrocystic breast disease?
What pharmacologic treatment has been shown to be effective for fibrocystic breast disease?
What pharmacologic treatment has been shown to be effective for fibrocystic breast disease?
What is the association between benign breast disease and malignancy?
What is the association between benign breast disease and malignancy?
What is the characteristic feature of intraductal papilloma?
What is the characteristic feature of intraductal papilloma?
What does ductal ectasia often associate with?
What does ductal ectasia often associate with?
What is the age group among which intraductal papilloma is most common?
What is the age group among which intraductal papilloma is most common?
What is not known about the etiology of intraductal papilloma?
What is not known about the etiology of intraductal papilloma?
What are the common symptoms associated with multiple papillomas in the breast?
What are the common symptoms associated with multiple papillomas in the breast?
What is the recommended diagnostic approach for patients with suspected papillomas in the breast?
What is the recommended diagnostic approach for patients with suspected papillomas in the breast?
What type of discharge is typically associated with papillomas in the breast?
What type of discharge is typically associated with papillomas in the breast?
What is the initial step to take when evaluating a patient with unilateral nipple discharge?
What is the initial step to take when evaluating a patient with unilateral nipple discharge?
Which medications may cause bilateral nipple discharge in females?
Which medications may cause bilateral nipple discharge in females?
What benign conditions of the breasts can be caused by trauma or infectious diseases?
What benign conditions of the breasts can be caused by trauma or infectious diseases?
What are the screening recommendations for breast cancer according to the American Cancer Society?
What are the screening recommendations for breast cancer according to the American Cancer Society?
What is described as malignant neoplasm of the epithelial or stromal cells native to the breast?
What is described as malignant neoplasm of the epithelial or stromal cells native to the breast?
Which genes function as tumor suppressor genes and are associated with breast cancer?
Which genes function as tumor suppressor genes and are associated with breast cancer?
What mutations can lead to cell cycle progression and limitations in DNA repair, contributing to breast cancer?
What mutations can lead to cell cycle progression and limitations in DNA repair, contributing to breast cancer?
What percentage of tumors may crosstalk with estrogen receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors, leading to abnormal cellular replication?
What percentage of tumors may crosstalk with estrogen receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors, leading to abnormal cellular replication?
What is described as the most commonly diagnosed cancer for United States women, according to the text?
What is described as the most commonly diagnosed cancer for United States women, according to the text?
What does the US Preventative Services Task Force recommend for women at increased risk for breast cancer?
What does the US Preventative Services Task Force recommend for women at increased risk for breast cancer?
Why does the American Cancer Society no longer recommend monthly breast self-exams?
Why does the American Cancer Society no longer recommend monthly breast self-exams?
What is the recommendation for clinical breast exams according to the US Preventative Services Task Force?
What is the recommendation for clinical breast exams according to the US Preventative Services Task Force?
At what age does the US Preventative Services Task Force recommend bi-annual mammograms?
At what age does the US Preventative Services Task Force recommend bi-annual mammograms?
What might a patient with breast cancer describe during a history?
What might a patient with breast cancer describe during a history?
What is recommended when visualizing the breast during a physical exam?
What is recommended when visualizing the breast during a physical exam?
What type of imaging may be necessary to differentiate fluid-filled cysts from solid masses in the breast?
What type of imaging may be necessary to differentiate fluid-filled cysts from solid masses in the breast?
Which medication requires calcium and vitamin D supplementation along with its use?
Which medication requires calcium and vitamin D supplementation along with its use?
What is the normal level of CA-125, a tumor marker used to rule out ovarian cancer?
What is the normal level of CA-125, a tumor marker used to rule out ovarian cancer?
What is considered the best treatment for prevention of benign ovarian tumors?
What is considered the best treatment for prevention of benign ovarian tumors?
At what age does the US Preventative Services Task Force recommend annual mammograms to start?
At what age does the US Preventative Services Task Force recommend annual mammograms to start?
What is the primary role of a thorough history, physical, and physical exam in the diagnosis of benign ovarian tumors?
What is the primary role of a thorough history, physical, and physical exam in the diagnosis of benign ovarian tumors?
What is the recommended screening tool for ovarian cancer in the general population?
What is the recommended screening tool for ovarian cancer in the general population?
Which condition can cause an elevated CA-125 level, leading to a false positive result?
Which condition can cause an elevated CA-125 level, leading to a false positive result?
What is one of the symptoms associated with an acute presentation of ovarian cancer?
What is one of the symptoms associated with an acute presentation of ovarian cancer?
Which diagnostic test is NOT recommended as a screening tool for ovarian cancer?
Which diagnostic test is NOT recommended as a screening tool for ovarian cancer?
What should women with a family history placing them at high risk for ovarian cancer be referred to?
What should women with a family history placing them at high risk for ovarian cancer be referred to?
What percentage of stage one ovarian cancers may have a falsely negative CA-125 level?
What percentage of stage one ovarian cancers may have a falsely negative CA-125 level?
Which tumor markers are better indicators for mucinous tumors?
Which tumor markers are better indicators for mucinous tumors?
What is NOT recommended for screening asymptomatic women at low to average risk for ovarian cancer?
What is NOT recommended for screening asymptomatic women at low to average risk for ovarian cancer?
What are the recommended diagnostics for nonepithelial tumors?
What are the recommended diagnostics for nonepithelial tumors?
What is one of the symptoms associated with a subacute presentation of ovarian cancer?
What is one of the symptoms associated with a subacute presentation of ovarian cancer?
What is one of the physical exam findings associated with confirmed or suspected ovarian cancer?
What is one of the physical exam findings associated with confirmed or suspected ovarian cancer?
What is the indication for genetic testing if a patient has a triple negative ER or PR or HER2?
What is the indication for genetic testing if a patient has a triple negative ER or PR or HER2?
What is the relative risk associated with hormone replacement therapy during peri menopause?
What is the relative risk associated with hormone replacement therapy during peri menopause?
What should be considered for annual MRI beginning at age 30 for patients with a 20 to 25% lifetime risk of breast cancer?
What should be considered for annual MRI beginning at age 30 for patients with a 20 to 25% lifetime risk of breast cancer?
Under what condition would a male patient need to have annual mammograms?
Under what condition would a male patient need to have annual mammograms?
What is the criteria for additional risk evaluation or gene testing related to the age of onset for breast cancer?
What is the criteria for additional risk evaluation or gene testing related to the age of onset for breast cancer?
What is the indication for genetic testing if a patient has two breast cancer primaries?
What is the indication for genetic testing if a patient has two breast cancer primaries?
Which factor increases breast cancer risk for 10 years after discontinuation of medication?
Which factor increases breast cancer risk for 10 years after discontinuation of medication?
What would indicate the need for genetic testing if present in a patient's family history?
What would indicate the need for genetic testing if present in a patient's family history?
What is a risk factor that increases lifetime risk of breast cancer by 15 to 20%?
What is a risk factor that increases lifetime risk of breast cancer by 15 to 20%?
What type of family history would indicate the need for annual MRI beginning at age 30?
What type of family history would indicate the need for annual MRI beginning at age 30?
What is a risk factor that increases lifetime risk of breast cancer by 1.1 to two?
What is a risk factor that increases lifetime risk of breast cancer by 1.1 to two?
Who plays a huge role in the prevention of any type of cancer according to the text?
Who plays a huge role in the prevention of any type of cancer according to the text?
What is the most common type of ovarian cancer?
What is the most common type of ovarian cancer?
What is the leading cause of gynecologic related deaths in women?
What is the leading cause of gynecologic related deaths in women?
What is the recommended non-pharmacologic management of benign ovarian tumors?
What is the recommended non-pharmacologic management of benign ovarian tumors?
What is the age group in which half of all Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) cases are diagnosed?
What is the age group in which half of all Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) cases are diagnosed?
Which genetic syndrome increases the risk for colorectal, endometrial, stomach, small bowel, breast, pancreas, and ovarian cancers?
Which genetic syndrome increases the risk for colorectal, endometrial, stomach, small bowel, breast, pancreas, and ovarian cancers?
Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer?
Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer?
What can decrease the risk of ovarian cancer by 20% with five years of use and 50% with 15 years of use?
What can decrease the risk of ovarian cancer by 20% with five years of use and 50% with 15 years of use?
"Multiparity", "breastfeeding", and "tubal ligation or hysterectomy" are considered to:
"Multiparity", "breastfeeding", and "tubal ligation or hysterectomy" are considered to:
"Prophylactic oophorectomy" is advised for mutation carriers after childbearing is completed by the age of:
"Prophylactic oophorectomy" is advised for mutation carriers after childbearing is completed by the age of:
"CA-125 level measurement and transvaginal ultrasound every six to 12 months" is recommended for which group of patients?
"CA-125 level measurement and transvaginal ultrasound every six to 12 months" is recommended for which group of patients?
"Aspirin and NSAIDs" are believed to have a protective effect against ovarian cancer, but this is:
"Aspirin and NSAIDs" are believed to have a protective effect against ovarian cancer, but this is:
What should individuals and families with familial cancer syndromes undergo?
What should individuals and families with familial cancer syndromes undergo?
