Podcast
Questions and Answers
In incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of a heterozygote?
In incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of a heterozygote?
- A completely new phenotype that is unlike either parent.
- A phenotype that is between the two homozygous phenotypes. (correct)
- The phenotype of one of the homozygous parents.
- The phenotype of both homozygous parents.
Which of these is an example of codominance?
Which of these is an example of codominance?
- A tall plant and a short plant creating medium height offspring.
- A blue eyed and a brown eyed person creating blue eyed offspring.
- A red flower and white flower creating pink offspring.
- A black chicken and a white chicken creating a black and white speckled chicken. (correct)
A person with type AB blood has which genotype?
A person with type AB blood has which genotype?
- IAIA
- IAi
- IAIB (correct)
- IBIB
If both parents are heterozygous for the RHD gene, what is the probability that a child will be Rh negative?
If both parents are heterozygous for the RHD gene, what is the probability that a child will be Rh negative?
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
What are genes with more than two different alleles considered?
What are genes with more than two different alleles considered?
Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?
Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?
How does the environment affect gene expression?
How does the environment affect gene expression?
Flashcards
Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
A type of inheritance where neither allele is dominant over the other. The heterozygote phenotype is a blend of the homozygous phenotypes.
Codominance
Codominance
A situation where both alleles are expressed equally and at equal intensity. The heterozygote exhibits the traits of both homozygous phenotypes.
Multiple Alleles
Multiple Alleles
Involves multiple alleles (different forms) of a single gene. Leads to a wide range of possible phenotypes.
Polygenic Traits
Polygenic Traits
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Gene Linkage
Gene Linkage
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Genes and the Environment
Genes and the Environment
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Universal Donor
Universal Donor
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Universal Recipient
Universal Recipient
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Study Notes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance
- Not all traits follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance
- Some traits are influenced more by the mother or father
- Some traits are influenced by the environment
Types of Non-Mendelian Inheritance
- Incomplete Dominance: Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. The heterozygote phenotype lies somewhere in between the two homozygous phenotypes. Example: 4 o'clock flowers
- Codominance: Both alleles are expressed equally and at equal intensities. Example: Black and white chickens, blood type (in people), Camellia flowers
- Multiple Alleles: Many genes exist in several different forms, with more than two alleles. Example: Blood type in humans
- Polygenic Traits: Traits produced by the interaction between several genes. Examples: Eye color, hair color, skin color
- Gene Linkage: Typically, the closer two genes are on a chromosome, the more likely they are to be inherited together.
Human Blood Types
- Represented by IA, IB, i (A, B, O)
- A and B are codominant; if both alleles are present, both are expressed.
- O is recessive; both alleles must be i
- Blood Type A: IAIA or IAi
- Blood Type B: IBIB or IBi
- Blood Type AB: IAIB
- Blood Type O: ii
Rh Factor
- Determined by the RHD and RHCE gene
- The RHD gene is dominant, so a person will be Rh positive if they inherit at least one copy of the RHD gene
- If no copies of the RHD gene are inherited, the person will be Rh negative.
- To determine blood type: Determine which alleles are present (A, B, O) and determine the Rh factor (positive or negative)
Blood Donation
- Universal Donor: O negative
- Universal Recipient: AB positive
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