Non-Communicable Diseases Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which modifiable behavioral risk factor is associated with the highest number of global deaths?

Unhealthy diet

Alcohol abuse

Tobacco use (correct)

Physical inactivity

What is the fasting blood sugar level that indicates hyperglycemia according to the provided content?

70-99 mg/dl

100-125 mg/dl (correct)

126-150 mg/dl

151-180 mg/dl

Which of the following measures indicates overweight or obesity?

BMI of ≥ 23.0 (correct)

Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHR) less than 0.5

Total cholesterol below 200 mg/100 ml

Blood pressure higher than 120 mmHg

Which dietary influence is linked to an increased mortality risk due to excessive intake?

High salt/sodium intake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lifestyle interventions can successfully restore the risk of ischemic heart disease to that of a non-smoker?

Smoking cessation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases?

Unhealthy diet Signup and view all the answers

What impact does tobacco use have on chronic diseases?

It increases the risk of various types of cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the causation of chronic diseases?

They result from a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Signup and view all the answers

What type of interventions focus on promoting healthy lifestyles to prevent non-communicable diseases?

Public awareness campaigns Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary factor is most directly linked to increasing the risk of diabetes mellitus?

High intake of sugars and processed foods Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle change can effectively reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases?

Tobacco cessation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a target area for public health interventions related to non-communicable diseases?

Increasing access to surgical services Signup and view all the answers

What role does physical activity play in the prevention of non-communicable diseases?

It reduces total mortality risk and improves overall wellbeing. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common risk factors shared by non-communicable diseases (NCDs)?

Dietary habits and physical inactivity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is classified as a non-communicable disease (NCD)?

Cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

How do lifestyle interventions benefit individuals at risk of NCDs?

They can help manage and reduce risk factors. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does tobacco use have on non-communicable diseases?

It is a major risk factor for several NCDs. Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary factor is associated with an increased risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

High processed foods consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease is classified as chronic and can share common risk factors with other diseases?

Non-communicable diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is disproportionately affected by non-communicable diseases?

Low- and middle-income populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration characteristic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)?

They tend to run for a long duration. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Also known as chronic diseases
Multifactorial, resulting from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral risk factors
Long duration
Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (e.g., COPD, asthma), and diabetes are major types
Disproportionately affect low- and middle-income countries

Burden of NCDs

41 million deaths globally annually (74%)
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for the highest number of NCD deaths (17.9 million annually).
Cancers (9.3 million), chronic respiratory diseases (4.1 million), and diabetes (2.0 million, including kidney disease deaths) are other leading causes
More than 80% of premature NCD deaths result from these four diseases.
Risk factors include tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful alcohol use, unhealthy diets, and air pollution

Risk Factors for NCDs

Unhealthy diets and lack of physical activity increase metabolic risk factors (high blood pressure, blood glucose, elevated blood lipids, obesity).
Tobacco use is a major risk factor (over 8 million deaths annually, including from secondhand smoke).
Excess salt intake causes 1.8 million deaths.
Alcohol use contributes to over 1.5 million deaths.
Insufficient physical activity contributes to 830,000 deaths annually.

Prevention and Control

Early detection, screening, and treatment are crucial.
Cost-effective interventions are needed.
WHO advocates detection, treatment, and prevention.

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)

Large group of heart and blood vessel disorders.
Atherosclerosis is a significant cause (plaque buildup in blood vessels).

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Chronic hyperglycemia due to factors like insulin production/action defects
Type 1 DM (autoimmune, insulin deficiency) and Type 2 DM (insulin resistance) are common types
Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy.

Public Health Solutions

Active transport lanes, walking paths are effective to reduce exposure to COVID and increase physical activity.
WHO advocates evidence-based, cost-effective interventions (reducing salt intake, promoting physical activity, etc.)
DOH promotes lifestyle modifications.
Policy solutions are being developed (e.g., PhilPEN, integrated management of hypertension and DM).

Risk Factors Assessment

Environmental factors include air pollution (causing respiratory issues, heart disease, and lung cancer).
Age, sex, ethnicity and genetics are non modifiable risk factors.
Modifiable risk factors include unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, and tobacco/alcohol use.

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Description

Test your knowledge on non-communicable diseases (NCDs), their burden on global health, and the risk factors associated with them. This quiz covers major types of NCDs such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and diabetes, and delves into the statistics and behavioral influences contributing to their prevalence. Evaluate what you know about this pressing health issue affecting millions worldwide.