Non-Blood Specimen Collection Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct time frame for collecting a 24-hour urine sample?

  • From 1200 one day to 1200 the next day.
  • From 0800 one day to 2000 the next day.
  • From 0700 one day to 0700 the next day. (correct)
  • Any 24 hour period is acceptable.

What action should a patient take if they forget to urinate in the collection container during a 24-hour urine collection?

  • Collect the missed sample in a separate container and add it to the 24-hour collection
  • Add extra time to the collection to account for the missed sample.
  • Discard the entire collection and start again with a new container. (correct)
  • Continue the collection as normal and make a note of the missed void.

Why might a urine sample with a specific gravity > 1.030 be an indicator of?

  • Overhydration.
  • Dehydration. (correct)
  • Dilute urine.
  • Normal hydration.

If a urine sample is left unrefrigerated for a long time, it becomes more alkaline. What can this cause?

<p>Higher and inaccurate bacteria counts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of which substance in urine may indicate liver disease?

<p>Bilirubin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a glucose tolerance test?

<p>To assess how well the body processes sugar from the blood into tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a clean-catch midstream urine collection, what is a crucial instruction patients need to understand?

<p>The inside of the container should not come into contact with anything except urine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following specimens is NOT typically refrigerated?

<p>Stool specimen for Ova and Parasites. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to collect a sputum specimen first thing in the morning?

<p>The microorganisms are more effectively collected in the morning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When collecting a throat specimen for a suspected streptococcal infection, where should the swab be applied?

<p>Both tonsils, the throat, and all inflamed areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended volume for a random urine specimen and what should be done if the specimen can’t be sent to the lab within an hour?

<p>30-60 mL, specimen should be refrigerated immediately. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a glucose tolerance test, if a specimen is NOT collected at the scheduled time, what is the most accurate action to take?

<p>Document the reason for delay and the actual collection time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a stool specimen collected for an Ova and Parasites test be handled prior to being sent to the lab?

<p>Kept at room temperature prior to arriving at the lab. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Urine Specific Gravity

A measurement of the concentration of dissolved particles in urine, indicating how dilute or concentrated the urine is.

WBC in Urine

An indicator of infection, meaning white blood cells are present in the urine.

Ketones in Urine

A product of fat metabolism, their presence in urine can indicate diabetes, starvation, or excessive vomiting.

Bilirubin in Urine

A yellow pigment that can indicate liver disease, where bilirubin is not properly processed.

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Protein in Urine

A protein found in the urine that can indicate kidney disease, inflammation, or infection.

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Glucose Tolerance Test

A test used to check how the body processes sugar from the blood into tissues, often used to diagnose diabetes.

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Clean Catch Midstream

Urine sample where the patient cleanses the meatus, washes hands, and fills the cup one quarter to one half full. The sample must be brought to the lab within 1 hour and should be refrigerated.

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Saliva Specimen

Saliva is collected to test for hormone, alcohol and drug levels.

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Sputum

A sample of phlegm collected from a person's lungs or throat to identify microorganisms causing infection.

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Stool Specimen

Stool specimen used to test for bacterial infection, parasites, and occult blood.

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Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)

A test used to check for the presence of blood in the stool, often used to screen for colon cancer.

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Buccal Swab

A swab taken from the inside of the cheek to collect a patient's DNA.

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Random Urine Collection

A urine sample where the patient urinates in the container, generally 30-60 mL is enough. It is then refrigerated if not returned to the lab within 1 hour.

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Study Notes

Non-Blood Specimen Collection

  • Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT): Fasting for 12 hours. Collect blood and urine samples simultaneously, usually every 1-2 hours after glucose solution. Post-prandial blood glucose should be under 140; fasting between 74-106.
  • Clean Catch Midstream Urine: Patient must wash hands and clean urinary meatus. Fill container ¼ to ½ full with urine. Transport to lab within 1 hour, refrigerating immediately.
  • Saliva Specimens: Used for hormone, alcohol, and drug level testing. Label samples in front of patient. Transport to lab.
  • Sputum Specimens: Expectorated secretions from lungs. Best collected in the morning. Requires 1-2 teaspoons.
  • Stool Specimens: Test for bacterial infections, parasites, or occult blood. Use tongue depressor or spoon. Do not refrigerate. Prevent urine or water contamination.
  • Throat Specimens: Test for strep throat. Wipe infected / inflamed areas. Label specimen and immediately transport to lab.
  • Buccal Swabs: Inside of cheek swabs for DNA extraction.
  • Random Urine Collection: Simple urination into collection container. Collect 30-60ml. Refrigerate if transport to lab delayed > 1 hour
  • Timed Urine Specimen (24-hour): Use wide-mouth, leak-proof containers with a 3000mL capacity. Patient must keep container on ice or in refrigerator. Patient needs to void in container before bowel movements. Discard all urine if patient fails to void into collector.

Urine Analysis

  • pH: Expected range 4.6-8.0 (ideally around 6.0 in urine samples). Bacteria grow better in alkaline environments.
  • Specific Gravity: Measures urine concentration. Expected range 1.005-1.030 (typically 1.010-1.025). <1.010 indicates dilute urine; >1.010 indicates concentrated urine (potential dehydration).
  • WBC (White Blood Cells): Negative in healthy random urine samples; positive often indicates infection.
  • Hgb (Hemoglobin): May indicate infection, cancer, kidney disease, or chemical poisoning.
  • Ketones: Byproducts of fat metabolism. Present in urine can indicate diabetes mellitus, starvation, or vomiting.
  • Bilirubin: Presence indicates liver disease.
  • Protein: Can indicate inflammation, infection, kidney disease, or chemical poisoning.
  • Glucose: Indicates diabetes mellitus.

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