Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the correct time frame for collecting a 24-hour urine sample?
What is the correct time frame for collecting a 24-hour urine sample?
What action should a patient take if they forget to urinate in the collection container during a 24-hour urine collection?
What action should a patient take if they forget to urinate in the collection container during a 24-hour urine collection?
Why might a urine sample with a specific gravity > 1.030 be an indicator of?
Why might a urine sample with a specific gravity > 1.030 be an indicator of?
If a urine sample is left unrefrigerated for a long time, it becomes more alkaline. What can this cause?
If a urine sample is left unrefrigerated for a long time, it becomes more alkaline. What can this cause?
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The presence of which substance in urine may indicate liver disease?
The presence of which substance in urine may indicate liver disease?
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What is the primary purpose of a glucose tolerance test?
What is the primary purpose of a glucose tolerance test?
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During a clean-catch midstream urine collection, what is a crucial instruction patients need to understand?
During a clean-catch midstream urine collection, what is a crucial instruction patients need to understand?
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Which of the following specimens is NOT typically refrigerated?
Which of the following specimens is NOT typically refrigerated?
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Why is it important to collect a sputum specimen first thing in the morning?
Why is it important to collect a sputum specimen first thing in the morning?
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When collecting a throat specimen for a suspected streptococcal infection, where should the swab be applied?
When collecting a throat specimen for a suspected streptococcal infection, where should the swab be applied?
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What is the recommended volume for a random urine specimen and what should be done if the specimen can’t be sent to the lab within an hour?
What is the recommended volume for a random urine specimen and what should be done if the specimen can’t be sent to the lab within an hour?
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During a glucose tolerance test, if a specimen is NOT collected at the scheduled time, what is the most accurate action to take?
During a glucose tolerance test, if a specimen is NOT collected at the scheduled time, what is the most accurate action to take?
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How should a stool specimen collected for an Ova and Parasites test be handled prior to being sent to the lab?
How should a stool specimen collected for an Ova and Parasites test be handled prior to being sent to the lab?
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Study Notes
Non-Blood Specimen Collection
- Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT): Fasting for 12 hours. Collect blood and urine samples simultaneously, usually every 1-2 hours after glucose solution. Post-prandial blood glucose should be under 140; fasting between 74-106.
- Clean Catch Midstream Urine: Patient must wash hands and clean urinary meatus. Fill container ¼ to ½ full with urine. Transport to lab within 1 hour, refrigerating immediately.
- Saliva Specimens: Used for hormone, alcohol, and drug level testing. Label samples in front of patient. Transport to lab.
- Sputum Specimens: Expectorated secretions from lungs. Best collected in the morning. Requires 1-2 teaspoons.
- Stool Specimens: Test for bacterial infections, parasites, or occult blood. Use tongue depressor or spoon. Do not refrigerate. Prevent urine or water contamination.
- Throat Specimens: Test for strep throat. Wipe infected / inflamed areas. Label specimen and immediately transport to lab.
- Buccal Swabs: Inside of cheek swabs for DNA extraction.
- Random Urine Collection: Simple urination into collection container. Collect 30-60ml. Refrigerate if transport to lab delayed > 1 hour
- Timed Urine Specimen (24-hour): Use wide-mouth, leak-proof containers with a 3000mL capacity. Patient must keep container on ice or in refrigerator. Patient needs to void in container before bowel movements. Discard all urine if patient fails to void into collector.
Urine Analysis
- pH: Expected range 4.6-8.0 (ideally around 6.0 in urine samples). Bacteria grow better in alkaline environments.
- Specific Gravity: Measures urine concentration. Expected range 1.005-1.030 (typically 1.010-1.025). <1.010 indicates dilute urine; >1.010 indicates concentrated urine (potential dehydration).
- WBC (White Blood Cells): Negative in healthy random urine samples; positive often indicates infection.
- Hgb (Hemoglobin): May indicate infection, cancer, kidney disease, or chemical poisoning.
- Ketones: Byproducts of fat metabolism. Present in urine can indicate diabetes mellitus, starvation, or vomiting.
- Bilirubin: Presence indicates liver disease.
- Protein: Can indicate inflammation, infection, kidney disease, or chemical poisoning.
- Glucose: Indicates diabetes mellitus.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various non-blood specimen collection methods including glucose tolerance tests, urine collection, saliva, sputum, stool, and throat specimens. Understand the best practices for each type of specimen and their specific processing requirements. This quiz is essential for those in healthcare and laboratory settings.
