Non-Blood Specimen Collection Procedures PDF

Non Blood Specimen Main Points Glucose Tolerance Test- Used to check how your body moves sugar from the blood into tissues like muscle and fat. This test is often used to diagnose DM. The patient must be fasting(usually for 12 hours). After drinking the glucose solution, collect blood and urine spe...

Non Blood Specimen Main Points Glucose Tolerance Test- Used to check how your body moves sugar from the blood into tissues like muscle and fat. This test is often used to diagnose DM. The patient must be fasting(usually for 12 hours). After drinking the glucose solution, collect blood and urine specimens at the same time, usually every 1 to 2 hours. Perform collections on time and document times accurately. If you do NOT collect a specimen on time, document the reason and actual time of collection. Post prandial should be less than 140, fasting between 74-106. Clean catch midstream- Make sure patient understands not to allow anything to come in contact with the inside surface of the container and lid except urine. Patient must wash hands and clean the urinary meatus. Must fill cup one quarter to one half full. If not able to bring in to laboratory bring it to the laboratory within 1 hour, they should add the date and time of collection and refrigerate immediately. Saliva Specimens- Used to test for hormone, alcohol and drug levels. Label all specimens in front of the patient and bring or send them to the lab. Sputum- Expectorate, expel secretions from the throat or lungs by coughing and spitting. Best time to get a sputum specimen is early in the morning. Often the provider wants to confirm which microorganisms are causing the infection. Sufficient amount of sputum is generally 1-2 teaspoons Stool- Test fecal specimens for bacterial infection, parasites and occult blood. Most common POC test is the fecal occult blood test(FOBT). Transfer specimen with a tongue depressor or spoon like component of the container. Ova(eggs) and parasites is super common and should not be refrigerated. Container lid has the spoon. Do NOT allow urine or water from toilet to get in the container. Throat- Used to identify streptococcal pharyngitis(strept throat). Wipe both tonsils, the throat and all areas that look inflamed or infected. Stand to the side of the patient, or wear a mask to protect yourself. Label specimen in front of patient and take it to lab promptly. Buccal - swab the inside of the cheek to collect a patient’s DNA. Random Collection- Just urinate in the container. Generally 30-60 mL is enough. Then the patient can urinate in the toilet if necessary. Refrigerate the specimen if unable to return it to the lab within 1 hour. Timed urine specimen- Rigid, Light resistant containers with about a 3000 mL capacity, wide mouth and leak proof screw on cap. For a 24 hour collection collect for example 0700 to 0700 the next day. If the patient forgets to urinate in the container, the collection is invalid must discard all the urine and begin again. During the collection the patient must keep the container on ice or in the refrigerator. If the patient must have a BM, the patient must first void in Protect FOLATE and BILIRUBIN by wrapping in foil. AMMONIA and LACTIC ACID must sit in an ice slurry. Reagent Strip Method: Provide information about pH, Specific gravity, WBC, Hgb, ketones, bilirubin, protein and glucose. Expected reference range for pH: 4.6 - 8.0 (should be about 6.0 for a urine specimen) Bacteria grow more easily in an alkaline environment than in an acidic environment (samples left unrefrigerated for extended periods will become more alkaline, resulting in higher and inaccurate bacteria counts.) Specific Gravity: An indicator of the concentration of the urine. Expected range for urine specific gravity: 1.005 - 1.030 (It is usually 1.010-1.025) < 1.010 : Indicates dilute urine > 1.010: Indicates concentrated urine. (Highly concentrated urine can be an indicator of dehydration.) All other components of the urine reagent strip should be negative in a random urine sample. WBC indicate infection Hgb can indicated infection, cancer, kidney disease, chemical poisoning Ketones are products of fat metabolism, their presences in urine might result from DM, starvation or vomiting. Bilirubin in the urine can indicate liver disease. Protein in the urine can indicate inflammation or infection, kidney disease or chemical poisoning. Glucose in the urine can indicate diabetes mellitus.