Nomenclature and Classification of Diseases in Pathology and Medicine
28 Questions
5 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of disease classification?

  • Identify the best treatment
  • Estimate the prognosis
  • Ascertain the cause for prevention
  • All of the above (correct)
  • How are genetic diseases primarily caused?

  • Congenital anomalies
  • New mutations in affected individuals (correct)
  • Pathogenic mechanisms
  • Environmental factors
  • What is the most widely used basis for disease classification?

  • Aetiology and pathogenesis (correct)
  • Name of the discovering doctor
  • Reversibility of the disease
  • Onset of the disease
  • Which type of disease may not cause clinical manifestation until adult life?

    <p>Congenital diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on pathogenesis, how can most diseases be classified?

    <p>Acquired and congenital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes acquired diseases?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes a disease with a rapid onset and often a rapid resolution?

    <p>Acute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to classify tumors that remain localized to the tissue of origin and are very rarely fatal?

    <p>Benign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix means 'deficiency below normal'?

    <p>Hypo-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix refers to an abnormal increase in a particular characteristic?

    <p>-osis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of uniform nomenclature in pathology and medicine?

    <p>To facilitate communication and enable accurate epidemiological studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'primary' used in the nomenclature of diseases?

    <p>To describe diseases without apparent cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a disease according to the text?

    <p>Presence of any abnormality in the body, whether structural or functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of clarifying common terms, prefixes, and suffixes in disease nomenclature?

    <p>To enable accurate understanding and use of disease names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Benign tumors commonly invade and spread from their origin, making them commonly fatal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'Hypo-' means excess over normal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Malignant tumors have a prolonged course lasting months or years.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysplasia indicates a disordered inflammatory process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uniform nomenclature in pathology and medicine does not aid in accurate epidemiological studies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'secondary' in the nomenclature of diseases always refers to a disease without an apparent cause.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical manifestations of a disease are always limited to signs and not symptoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inability of an organism to adapt to a challenge always leads to a loss of normal health.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Graves' disease is a congenital disease initiated before or during birth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acquired diseases are caused solely by genetic mutations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Congenital diseases may not cause clinical manifestation until adult life.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inflammatory diseases fall under the category of acquired diseases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most widely used basis for disease classification is the reversibility of a disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Classification of diseases is commonly based on the name of the doctor who discovered it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Nomenclature of disease refers to the system of names used in pathology and medicine to communicate effectively and enable accurate epidemiological studies.
    • Disease is defined as a condition causing a loss of normal health due to the presence of an abnormality, which can be structural or functional, and is due to an organism's inability to adapt to a challenge.
    • Nomenclature of disease includes primary and secondary meanings:
      • Primary: describing causation (essential, idiopathic, spontaneous, cryptogenic) or initial and subsequent stages (most commonly in cancer).
      • Secondary: describing a complication or manifestation of an underlying lesion.
    • Nomenclature also differentiates between acute and chronic diseases, and benign and malignant tumours.
    • Prefixes and suffixes are used to modify the meaning of disease names:
      • Prefixes: ana- absence, dys- disordered, hyper- excess, hypo- deficiency, meta- change, neo- new, and neoplasia- neoplasm.
      • Suffixes: -itis, inflammatory process; -oma, tumour; -osis, abnormal increase; -oid, bearing resemblance; -plasia, disorder of growth; and -opathy, abnormal state lacking specific characteristics.
    • Eponymous names are given to diseases or lesions after a person or place associated with them, such as Graves' disease or Crohn's disease.
    • Disease classification is used to identify a disease in an individual patient, with aims to determine the best treatment, estimate the prognosis, and ascertain the cause for prevention.
    • The most widely used disease classifications are based on causes (aetiology) and underlying mechanism (pathogenesis).
    • Genetic diseases are caused by abnormalities in the genome, mostly inherited but also due to new mutations.
    • Acquired diseases are caused by environmental factors, including genetic and environmental interactions.
    • Diseases can be classified into Congenital and Acquired based on pathogenesis:
      • Congenital diseases: initiated before or during birth, with ~5% of births in the UK, and some may not cause clinical manifestation until adult life.
      • Acquired diseases: caused by external factors and can be classified into Inflammatory, Haemodynamic, Growth disorders, Injury and disordered repair, Disordered immunity, and Metabolic and degenerative disorders.
    • In a lecture MCQ test, the correct answer is "e) None of the above" for the question on the basis of classification of diseases.
    • In a lecture question and discussion, the topics covered were Congenital, Acquired, Infectious, and Non-infectious diseases.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    Learn about the nomenclature and classification of diseases in the fields of pathology and medicine. Understand the concept of diseases, familiarize with standard conventions for naming diseases, and describe how diseases are classified. Explore the significance of uniform nomenclature in communication and accurate epidemiological studies.

    More Like This

    Pathology and Medicine 1
    38 questions
    Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds Flashcards
    38 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser