Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is an ionic compound?

A molecule made with a metal and a nonmetal.

What's the first step to naming an ionic compound?

Name the elements as you see them.

What's the second step to naming an ionic compound?

Change the ending of the second (last) name to -ide.

Example: name the compound Na2O.

Sodium oxide. Signup and view all the answers

Example: name the compound CaBr2.

Calcium bromide. Signup and view all the answers

Example: name the compound Ca3B2.

Calcium boride. Signup and view all the answers

What is a covalent compound?

A molecule made with two nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What's the first step to naming a covalent compound?

Name the elements as you see them. Signup and view all the answers

What's the second step to naming a covalent compound?

Change the ending of the second (last) name to -ide. Signup and view all the answers

What's the third step to naming a covalent compound?

Add the applicable prefix or prefixes to specify the number of atoms of each element. Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical prefix for one atom?

Mono- Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical prefix for two atoms?

Di- Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical prefix for three atoms?

Tri- Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical prefix for four atoms?

Tetra- Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical prefix for five atoms?

Penta- Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical prefix for six atoms?

Hexa- Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical prefix for seven atoms?

Hepta- Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical prefix for eight atoms?

Octo- Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical prefix for nine atoms?

Nona- Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical prefix for ten atoms?

Deca- Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition in which the first atom in a covalent compound does not need a numerical prefix?

When there is only one. Signup and view all the answers

Example: name the compound H2O.

Dihydrogen monoxide. Signup and view all the answers

Example: name the molecule CO.

Carbon monoxide. Signup and view all the answers

Example: name the molecule CO2.

Carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

Example: name the molecule N2S3.

Dinitrogen trisulfide. Signup and view all the answers

What is a polyatomic ion?

A covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and acts as a unit. Signup and view all the answers

How are polyatomic ions named?

They follow the same rules as ionic compounds. Signup and view all the answers

Example: name the compound LiOH.

Lithium hydroxide. Signup and view all the answers

Example: name the compound Na2SO4.

Sodium sulfate. Signup and view all the answers

Example: name the compound (NH4)2S.

Ammonium sulfide. Signup and view all the answers

Example: name the compound CaCO3.

Calcium carbonate. Signup and view all the answers

Example: what is the formula for phosphorus tribromide?

PBr3. Signup and view all the answers

Example: what is the formula for sulfur dichloride?

SCl2. Signup and view all the answers

Example: what is the formula for aluminum acetate?

Al(CH3COO)3. Signup and view all the answers

Example: what is the formula for sodium fluoride?

NaF. Signup and view all the answers

Example: what is the formula for lithium oxide?

Li2O. Signup and view all the answers

Example: what is the formula for aluminum sulfide?

Al2S3. Signup and view all the answers

How is it determined how many of each atom there is in an ionic compound (this includes polyatomic ions) formula?

Using the criss-cross rule, charges go to the opposite atom. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ionic Compounds

Formed by a metal and a nonmetal.
Naming involves two main steps: naming elements directly and changing the ending of the second name to -ide.
Example compounds: Na2O is sodium oxide, CaBr2 is calcium bromide, Ca3B2 is calcium boride.

Covalent Compounds

Composed of two nonmetals.
Naming requires three main steps: naming elements, changing the second name to -ide, and adding prefixes for the number of each atom.
Example compounds: SO2 is sulfur dioxide, H2O is dihydrogen monoxide, CO is carbon monoxide, CO2 is carbon dioxide, N2S3 is dinitrogen trisulfide.

Numerical Prefixes

Mono-: one atom
Di-: two atoms
Tri-: three atoms
Tetra-: four atoms
Penta-: five atoms
Hexa-: six atoms
Hepta-: seven atoms
Octo-: eight atoms
Nona-: nine atoms
Deca-: ten atoms
The prefix is omitted for the first atom in a covalent compound if it is one.

Polyatomic Ions

Comprised of covalently bonded atoms with a charge, functioning as a single unit.
Named following the same rules as ionic compounds.
Example compounds: LiOH is lithium hydroxide, Na2SO4 is sodium sulfate, (NH4)2S is ammonium sulfide, CaCO3 is calcium carbonate.

Chemical Formulas

Determined by the compound type and naming conventions.
Example formulas: phosphorus tribromide is PBr3, sulfur dichloride is SCl2, aluminum acetate is Al(CH3COO)3, sodium fluoride is NaF, lithium oxide is Li2O, aluminum sulfide is Al2S3.

Criss-Cross Rule

Used to determine the composition of ionic compounds, where charges are swapped to balance the formula.

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Description

This set of flashcards focuses on the nomenclature of ionic compounds, providing definitions and steps for naming them correctly. Learn the basics, such as identifying ionic compounds and the rules for naming them, through clear and concise definitions. Perfect for chemistry students looking to enhance their understanding of ionic nomenclature.