Nitrofurantoin Flashcards

Study Notes

Nitrofurantoin Overview

Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) is an antibiotic effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Inhibits bacterial enzymes and metabolism, impairing cell wall formation, making it effective for treating acute and chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs).

General Information

Functions as either bacteriostatic or bactericidal based on the dosage administered.
Particularly effective against E. coli, a common cause of UTIs.

Drug Classification

Classified as a urinary antiinfective agent, specifically designed to combat infections in the urinary system.

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Common side effects include dizziness, headache (HA), drowsiness, and GI distress.
Notable adverse reactions include:
- Rust-colored or brown urine
- Rash and pruritus (itching)
- Risk of superinfection
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Hepatotoxicity (liver damage)
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome (a severe skin reaction)
- Blood dyscrasias (abnormal blood counts)

Nursing Interventions

Administer with food to minimize gastrointestinal distress.
Antacids should be avoided as they can interfere with absorption.
Capsules should not be crushed or opened to maintain drug efficacy.
Shake liquid suspension well before use and rinse mouth afterward to prevent staining.
Caution advised: do not drive or operate heavy machinery due to potential drowsiness.
Encourage increased fluid intake and the consumption of cranberry juice, plums, proteins, and vitamin C to help in preventing UTIs.

Description

This quiz focuses on Nitrofurantoin, also known as Macrodantin, a medication primarily used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). Explore its mechanism of action, general information, drug class, and potential side effects. Enhance your understanding of this important urinary antiinfective.