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Questions and Answers
What does network software primarily facilitate in IT operations?
What does network software primarily facilitate in IT operations?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Network Management Systems (NMS)?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Network Management Systems (NMS)?
Which software type is primarily designed to monitor network traffic volume and speed?
Which software type is primarily designed to monitor network traffic volume and speed?
What is the main purpose of network security software?
What is the main purpose of network security software?
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Which of the following software types provides a graphical representation of network topology?
Which of the following software types provides a graphical representation of network topology?
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Which tool is specifically designed for tracking devices and software on a network?
Which tool is specifically designed for tracking devices and software on a network?
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What is a service offered by network software that involves ensuring device connectivity?
What is a service offered by network software that involves ensuring device connectivity?
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Which combination of tools is commonly included in network security software?
Which combination of tools is commonly included in network security software?
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What is the primary function of a modem?
What is the primary function of a modem?
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Which layer of the OSI model does a router operate on?
Which layer of the OSI model does a router operate on?
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How many bits make up a MAC address?
How many bits make up a MAC address?
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What is a common use of a router in a home setting?
What is a common use of a router in a home setting?
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Which type of modem allows connections via a cellular network?
Which type of modem allows connections via a cellular network?
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What do switches operate primarily on?
What do switches operate primarily on?
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Which component determines the best path for packet transmission in a network?
Which component determines the best path for packet transmission in a network?
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What is the process called that converts digital signals to analog over telephone lines?
What is the process called that converts digital signals to analog over telephone lines?
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What is the primary function of a hub in a network?
What is the primary function of a hub in a network?
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Which of the following describes a bridge's functionality?
Which of the following describes a bridge's functionality?
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How does a switch improve network performance?
How does a switch improve network performance?
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Why has the use of hubs become obsolete in modern networking?
Why has the use of hubs become obsolete in modern networking?
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What constitutes a digital attack in cybersecurity?
What constitutes a digital attack in cybersecurity?
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Which network device is primarily responsible for routing traffic based on MAC addresses?
Which network device is primarily responsible for routing traffic based on MAC addresses?
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What is the result of the hub broadcasting data across the network?
What is the result of the hub broadcasting data across the network?
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In terms of connectivity, a modem primarily serves what purpose?
In terms of connectivity, a modem primarily serves what purpose?
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What is the primary function of encryption technologies in hardware components?
What is the primary function of encryption technologies in hardware components?
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Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for regulating the environment of computer equipment?
Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for regulating the environment of computer equipment?
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What is the consequence of failing to implement proper hardware protection?
What is the consequence of failing to implement proper hardware protection?
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Which statement accurately describes environmental controls for computer equipment?
Which statement accurately describes environmental controls for computer equipment?
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What does a firewall do in networking?
What does a firewall do in networking?
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Which of the following scenarios would require the use of encryption?
Which of the following scenarios would require the use of encryption?
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Which of the following is essential for maintaining the integrity of computer components?
Which of the following is essential for maintaining the integrity of computer components?
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What type of device is a modem classified as?
What type of device is a modem classified as?
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What is the primary aim of the session on network hardware and software?
What is the primary aim of the session on network hardware and software?
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Which of the following is NOT a security measure mentioned for network infrastructure security?
Which of the following is NOT a security measure mentioned for network infrastructure security?
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What does network hardware primarily enable?
What does network hardware primarily enable?
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What is one of the learning outcomes expected from the session?
What is one of the learning outcomes expected from the session?
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Which term refers to the physical components necessary for a network to function?
Which term refers to the physical components necessary for a network to function?
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Which of the following best describes the purpose of firewalls in network infrastructure security?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of firewalls in network infrastructure security?
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What is a VPN often used for in network security?
What is a VPN often used for in network security?
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Which aspect is NOT typically included in the description of network software services?
Which aspect is NOT typically included in the description of network software services?
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What is the primary purpose of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
What is the primary purpose of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
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Which type of NIC would be most likely found in a laptop computer?
Which type of NIC would be most likely found in a laptop computer?
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What does the MAC address on a NIC do?
What does the MAC address on a NIC do?
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Which of the following cables is known for higher security and data volume capacity in networks?
Which of the following cables is known for higher security and data volume capacity in networks?
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What crucial role does a firewall play in a network?
What crucial role does a firewall play in a network?
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What type of network software assists in managing and monitoring network traffic?
What type of network software assists in managing and monitoring network traffic?
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What is a key advantage of using cables over wireless connections in networking?
What is a key advantage of using cables over wireless connections in networking?
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In networking, which type of cable is primarily used for long-distance data transmission?
In networking, which type of cable is primarily used for long-distance data transmission?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Name: NIS
- Course Code: 22CS2233
- Session: 1
- Topic: Network Hardware, Software, and Services
Aim of the Session
- Familiarize students with network hardware, software, and services.
Instructional Objectives
- Demonstrate network hardware and software.
- Describe network hardware and software services.
- List network hardware and software services.
- Describe hardware protection.
Learning Outcomes
- Define network hardware and software.
- Describe types of network hardware and software.
- Summarize network hardware and software services.
Network Infrastructure Security
- A process for protecting networking infrastructure by preventing unauthorized access, modification, deletion, and theft of resources and data.
- Measures include access control, application security, firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), , behavioral analytics, and intrusion prevention systems.
Network Hardware
- A set of physical or network devices for interaction and communication between hardware units on a computer network.
- These devices connect to each other enabling the network to function effectively.
Types of Network Hardware
- Modems
- Routers
- Hubs
- Bridges
- Switches
- Network Interface Cards (NICs)
- Network Cables
- Firewalls
Hub
- Divides network connections among multiple devices.
- Broadcasts data to all devices on the network.
- Computer requests are broadcasted to the entire network.
- Devices check if the request belongs to them. If not, the request is dropped.
- Consumes a lot of bandwidth.
Bridges
- Connects two separate LAN networks.
- Scans the receiving device before sending a message.
- Avoids unnecessary data transfers if the receiving device is absent or already received the message.
- Improves network performance.
Switches
- Switches traffic, delivering data to the exact port.
- Stores MAC addresses of network devices.
- Transfers data packets only to requested devices.
- Efficient when demand is high, reducing latency.
- MAC addresses are 48 bits, typically represented as strings of 12 hexadecimal digits.
- Can be hardware or software-based virtual devices.
- Operates on the data-link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
Modems
- Enables computers to connect to the internet via telephone lines.
- Stands for Modulator/Demodulator.
- Converts digital data into analog signals over telephone lines.
- Converts computer's digital signals to analog signals for telephone lines.
- Converts analog signals to digital signals for the other computer.
- Classified by speed and transmission rate (e.g., standard PC modem, cellular modem, cable modem).
Routers
- Connects two or more packet-switched networks.
- Manages traffic between networks by forwarding data packets to their intended IP addresses.
- Allows multiple devices to use the same internet connection.
- Receives, analyzes, and forwards incoming packets to other networks.
- Connects home/office networks (LAN) to the internet (WAN).
- Can be wired or wireless (Wi-Fi-enabled).
- Also known as wireless access points (WAPs).
- Forwards packets based on information in the routing table.
- Determines the best path for packet transmission.
- Works in Layer 3 (Network layer) of the OSI Reference model.
Network Interface Cards (NICs)
- Hardware units allowing computers to connect to a network.
- Typically a circuit board or chip built into the motherboard in most modern computers, or an expansion card.
- Supports data transfer rates of 10, 100, or 1000 Mb/s.
- MAC address assigned by the IEEE to uniquely identify the network card, stored in the PROM.
- Two types, wired and wireless.
Network Cables
- Connect devices on a network.
- Transmission media for transmitting signals.
- Three types: Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable, Fiber-optic cable.
Firewalls
- Hardware or software devices between a computer and the network.
- Protects computers from hackers on the network.
- Allows authorized connections (e.g., emails, web pages) but blocks unauthorized connections.
Network Software
- Fundamental element for any networking system.
- Helps administrators and security personnel reduce complexities, manage, monitor, and control network traffic.
- Plays a crucial role in managing network infrastructure, simplifying IT operations, and facilitating communication, security, content, and data sharing.
- Contains a variety of programs for managing, maintaining, and monitoring computer networks.
Network Software Types
- Network monitoring tools: Monitor network traffic (volume, speed, packet loss). Popular tools include Nagios, SolarWinds, PRTG, and Zabbix.
- Network security software: Detects and mitigates network threats (malware, viruses, intrusions). Includes firewalls, intrusion detection systems, endpoint protection software, and VPN software.
- Network mapping and visualization software: Visually represents network topology. Allows users to visualize the network architecture, understand network performance, and identify bottlenecks. Popular tools include SolarWinds and Microsoft Visio.
- Network inventory and asset management software: Manages all network devices, software, and assets. Examples include Spiceworks and ManageEngine AssetExplorer.
- File sharing software: Enables users to share files and resources across the network. Examples include BitTorrent, Dropbox, and Google Drive.
- Remote access software: Enables users to connect to a network from a remote location. Examples include VPN clients, remote desktop software, and terminal emulation software.
- Web browsers: Software applications for accessing and interacting with websites. Examples include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge.
- Operating systems: Manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for computer programs.
Network Services
- Various services or functionalities that networks provide allowing communication and data transfer between devices.
- File sharing: Users can share files/resources across devices.
- Email: Send/receive messages and files easily.
- Printing: Sharing/using the same printer.
- Remote access: Access network resources remotely.
- Web hosting: Hosting websites/web applications.
- Voice and video conferencing: Real-time communication.
- Domain Name System (DNS): Translates domain names into IP addresses.
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Automatically assigns IP addresses.
- Network Time Protocol (NTP): Synchronizes time on network devices.
Network Infrastructure Security
- Organizational Security
- Asset Classification and Control
- Personnel Security
- Physical and Environmental Security
- Communications and Operations Management
- Access Control
- System Development and Maintenance
- Business Continuity Management
- Compliance
Hardware Protection
- Physical Locks: Securing equipment (computers, laptops, servers).
- Security Cameras: Monitor and record activity.
- Biometric Authentication: Fingerprint scanners, facial recognition.
- Firewalls: Controlling network access, protecting against malware.
- Power Backup Systems (UPS): Protecting equipment during power outages.
- Environmental Controls: Temperature, humidity, ventilation.
- Encryption: Protecting data on hardware components.
Self-Assessment Questions
- Modems use telephone lines, stand for modulator/demodulator.
- A firewall filters data packets coming through the internet/network.
Terminal Questions
- Describe network hardware and software.
- List the network hardware and software services.
- Analyze network hardware and software services.
- Summarize network hardware and software services.
References for Further Learning
- Includes some book titles and websites relating to network infrastructure security.
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Description
This quiz aims to assess your understanding of network hardware, software, and related services. You will explore various components of network infrastructure and security practices that safeguard these systems. Test your knowledge on definitions, types, and services associated with networking.