NIS Quiz on Network Hardware and Software
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Questions and Answers

What does network software primarily facilitate in IT operations?

  • Communication, security, and data sharing (correct)
  • Hardware maintenance
  • User interface design
  • Content creation
  • Which of the following is NOT a feature of Network Management Systems (NMS)?

  • User interface customization (correct)
  • Fault management
  • Performance management
  • Security management
  • Which software type is primarily designed to monitor network traffic volume and speed?

  • Network security software
  • Network monitoring tools (correct)
  • Network mapping software
  • Network inventory software
  • What is the main purpose of network security software?

    <p>To detect and mitigate security threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following software types provides a graphical representation of network topology?

    <p>Network mapping and visualization software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is specifically designed for tracking devices and software on a network?

    <p>Network inventory and asset management software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a service offered by network software that involves ensuring device connectivity?

    <p>End point connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of tools is commonly included in network security software?

    <p>Firewalls and intrusion detection systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a modem?

    <p>To convert digital data into analog signals for transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the OSI model does a router operate on?

    <p>Layer 3 (Network layer)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bits make up a MAC address?

    <p>48 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of a router in a home setting?

    <p>To connect a local network (LAN) to the internet (WAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of modem allows connections via a cellular network?

    <p>Cellular modem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do switches operate primarily on?

    <p>Data-link layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component determines the best path for packet transmission in a network?

    <p>Router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that converts digital signals to analog over telephone lines?

    <p>Modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a hub in a network?

    <p>To broadcast data to all devices on a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a bridge's functionality?

    <p>It connects two separate networks while minimizing unnecessary data transfers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a switch improve network performance?

    <p>By transferring data packets only to devices that requested them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has the use of hubs become obsolete in modern networking?

    <p>They broadcast data indiscriminately, leading to inefficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a digital attack in cybersecurity?

    <p>An unauthorized attempt to access sensitive data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which network device is primarily responsible for routing traffic based on MAC addresses?

    <p>Switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the hub broadcasting data across the network?

    <p>Wasted bandwidth as unnecessary data reaches devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of connectivity, a modem primarily serves what purpose?

    <p>To provide a connection between a network and the internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of encryption technologies in hardware components?

    <p>To secure data from unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for regulating the environment of computer equipment?

    <p>Data compression algorithms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failing to implement proper hardware protection?

    <p>Susceptibility to theft and unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes environmental controls for computer equipment?

    <p>They help regulate moisture and dust levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a firewall do in networking?

    <p>Filters data packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios would require the use of encryption?

    <p>Transferring sensitive information over the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is essential for maintaining the integrity of computer components?

    <p>Hardware protection mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of device is a modem classified as?

    <p>A combination of a modulator and demodulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the session on network hardware and software?

    <p>To familiarize students with basic concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a security measure mentioned for network infrastructure security?

    <p>Spam filtering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does network hardware primarily enable?

    <p>Interaction and communication between hardware units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the learning outcomes expected from the session?

    <p>Describe network hardware and software types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the physical components necessary for a network to function?

    <p>Network hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of firewalls in network infrastructure security?

    <p>To block unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a VPN often used for in network security?

    <p>To provide remote access securely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT typically included in the description of network software services?

    <p>Operating system functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

    <p>To connect a computer to a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of NIC would be most likely found in a laptop computer?

    <p>Wireless NIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the MAC address on a NIC do?

    <p>It uniquely identifies the network card</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cables is known for higher security and data volume capacity in networks?

    <p>Fibre-optic cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial role does a firewall play in a network?

    <p>It prevents unauthorized connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network software assists in managing and monitoring network traffic?

    <p>Network management software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using cables over wireless connections in networking?

    <p>They are more secure and have larger data capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In networking, which type of cable is primarily used for long-distance data transmission?

    <p>Fibre-optic cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course Name: NIS
    • Course Code: 22CS2233
    • Session: 1
    • Topic: Network Hardware, Software, and Services

    Aim of the Session

    • Familiarize students with network hardware, software, and services.

    Instructional Objectives

    • Demonstrate network hardware and software.
    • Describe network hardware and software services.
    • List network hardware and software services.
    • Describe hardware protection.

    Learning Outcomes

    • Define network hardware and software.
    • Describe types of network hardware and software.
    • Summarize network hardware and software services.

    Network Infrastructure Security

    • A process for protecting networking infrastructure by preventing unauthorized access, modification, deletion, and theft of resources and data.
    • Measures include access control, application security, firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), , behavioral analytics, and intrusion prevention systems.

    Network Hardware

    • A set of physical or network devices for interaction and communication between hardware units on a computer network.
    • These devices connect to each other enabling the network to function effectively.

    Types of Network Hardware

    • Modems
    • Routers
    • Hubs
    • Bridges
    • Switches
    • Network Interface Cards (NICs)
    • Network Cables
    • Firewalls

    Hub

    • Divides network connections among multiple devices.
    • Broadcasts data to all devices on the network.
    • Computer requests are broadcasted to the entire network.
    • Devices check if the request belongs to them. If not, the request is dropped.
    • Consumes a lot of bandwidth.

    Bridges

    • Connects two separate LAN networks.
    • Scans the receiving device before sending a message.
    • Avoids unnecessary data transfers if the receiving device is absent or already received the message.
    • Improves network performance.

    Switches

    • Switches traffic, delivering data to the exact port.
    • Stores MAC addresses of network devices.
    • Transfers data packets only to requested devices.
    • Efficient when demand is high, reducing latency.
    • MAC addresses are 48 bits, typically represented as strings of 12 hexadecimal digits.
    • Can be hardware or software-based virtual devices.
    • Operates on the data-link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.

    Modems

    • Enables computers to connect to the internet via telephone lines.
    • Stands for Modulator/Demodulator.
    • Converts digital data into analog signals over telephone lines.
    • Converts computer's digital signals to analog signals for telephone lines.
    • Converts analog signals to digital signals for the other computer.
    • Classified by speed and transmission rate (e.g., standard PC modem, cellular modem, cable modem).

    Routers

    • Connects two or more packet-switched networks.
    • Manages traffic between networks by forwarding data packets to their intended IP addresses.
    • Allows multiple devices to use the same internet connection.
    • Receives, analyzes, and forwards incoming packets to other networks.
    • Connects home/office networks (LAN) to the internet (WAN).
    • Can be wired or wireless (Wi-Fi-enabled).
    • Also known as wireless access points (WAPs).
    • Forwards packets based on information in the routing table.
    • Determines the best path for packet transmission.
    • Works in Layer 3 (Network layer) of the OSI Reference model.

    Network Interface Cards (NICs)

    • Hardware units allowing computers to connect to a network.
    • Typically a circuit board or chip built into the motherboard in most modern computers, or an expansion card.
    • Supports data transfer rates of 10, 100, or 1000 Mb/s.
    • MAC address assigned by the IEEE to uniquely identify the network card, stored in the PROM.
    • Two types, wired and wireless.

    Network Cables

    • Connect devices on a network.
    • Transmission media for transmitting signals.
    • Three types: Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable, Fiber-optic cable.

    Firewalls

    • Hardware or software devices between a computer and the network.
    • Protects computers from hackers on the network.
    • Allows authorized connections (e.g., emails, web pages) but blocks unauthorized connections.

    Network Software

    • Fundamental element for any networking system.
    • Helps administrators and security personnel reduce complexities, manage, monitor, and control network traffic.
    • Plays a crucial role in managing network infrastructure, simplifying IT operations, and facilitating communication, security, content, and data sharing.
    • Contains a variety of programs for managing, maintaining, and monitoring computer networks.

    Network Software Types

    • Network monitoring tools: Monitor network traffic (volume, speed, packet loss). Popular tools include Nagios, SolarWinds, PRTG, and Zabbix.
    • Network security software: Detects and mitigates network threats (malware, viruses, intrusions). Includes firewalls, intrusion detection systems, endpoint protection software, and VPN software.
    • Network mapping and visualization software: Visually represents network topology. Allows users to visualize the network architecture, understand network performance, and identify bottlenecks. Popular tools include SolarWinds and Microsoft Visio.
    • Network inventory and asset management software: Manages all network devices, software, and assets. Examples include Spiceworks and ManageEngine AssetExplorer.
    • File sharing software: Enables users to share files and resources across the network. Examples include BitTorrent, Dropbox, and Google Drive.
    • Remote access software: Enables users to connect to a network from a remote location. Examples include VPN clients, remote desktop software, and terminal emulation software.
    • Web browsers: Software applications for accessing and interacting with websites. Examples include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge.
    • Operating systems: Manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for computer programs.

    Network Services

    • Various services or functionalities that networks provide allowing communication and data transfer between devices.
    • File sharing: Users can share files/resources across devices.
    • Email: Send/receive messages and files easily.
    • Printing: Sharing/using the same printer.
    • Remote access: Access network resources remotely.
    • Web hosting: Hosting websites/web applications.
    • Voice and video conferencing: Real-time communication.
    • Domain Name System (DNS): Translates domain names into IP addresses.
    • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Automatically assigns IP addresses.
    • Network Time Protocol (NTP): Synchronizes time on network devices.

    Network Infrastructure Security

    • Organizational Security
    • Asset Classification and Control
    • Personnel Security
    • Physical and Environmental Security
    • Communications and Operations Management
    • Access Control
    • System Development and Maintenance
    • Business Continuity Management
    • Compliance

    Hardware Protection

    • Physical Locks: Securing equipment (computers, laptops, servers).
    • Security Cameras: Monitor and record activity.
    • Biometric Authentication: Fingerprint scanners, facial recognition.
    • Firewalls: Controlling network access, protecting against malware.
    • Power Backup Systems (UPS): Protecting equipment during power outages.
    • Environmental Controls: Temperature, humidity, ventilation.
    • Encryption: Protecting data on hardware components.

    Self-Assessment Questions

    • Modems use telephone lines, stand for modulator/demodulator.
    • A firewall filters data packets coming through the internet/network.

    Terminal Questions

    • Describe network hardware and software.
    • List the network hardware and software services.
    • Analyze network hardware and software services.
    • Summarize network hardware and software services.

    References for Further Learning

    • Includes some book titles and websites relating to network infrastructure security.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz aims to assess your understanding of network hardware, software, and related services. You will explore various components of network infrastructure and security practices that safeguard these systems. Test your knowledge on definitions, types, and services associated with networking.

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