Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of INE in Mexico?
What is the primary function of INE in Mexico?
A hung Parliament occurs when no party has a majority in the House of Lords.
A hung Parliament occurs when no party has a majority in the House of Lords.
False
What is the term limit for Parliamentary terms in the United Kingdom, as established by the Fixed Term Parliament Act of 2011?
What is the term limit for Parliamentary terms in the United Kingdom, as established by the Fixed Term Parliament Act of 2011?
5 years
The House of Commons is the _____ house of the UK Parliament, while the House of Lords is the _____ house.
The House of Commons is the _____ house of the UK Parliament, while the House of Lords is the _____ house.
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Match the following organizations with their primary role:
Match the following organizations with their primary role:
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What is the term limit for the President in Mexico?
What is the term limit for the President in Mexico?
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Nigeria has a unicameral system of government.
Nigeria has a unicameral system of government.
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Name one ethnic group in Nigeria that has been involved in social movements.
Name one ethnic group in Nigeria that has been involved in social movements.
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In Nigeria, a candidate must win _____% of the national vote and _____% of 2/3 of the states to be elected president.
In Nigeria, a candidate must win _____% of the national vote and _____% of 2/3 of the states to be elected president.
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Match the following countries with their specific features regarding democracy:
Match the following countries with their specific features regarding democracy:
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Which organization is NOT listed as involved in Nigeria's foreign policy?
Which organization is NOT listed as involved in Nigeria's foreign policy?
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The President of Nigeria can be impeached by the Legislature.
The President of Nigeria can be impeached by the Legislature.
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What major economic challenge is referenced regarding Nigeria's dependence on oil?
What major economic challenge is referenced regarding Nigeria's dependence on oil?
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Mexico's legislature can impeach the ___________.
Mexico's legislature can impeach the ___________.
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What is the primary legal system used in Mexico?
What is the primary legal system used in Mexico?
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Study Notes
NIGERIA
- Transition from Authoritarian to Democratic Regime: Nigeria transitioned from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one with a written constitution and regular elections.
- Federalist System: The government operates under a federal system, dividing power between the national government and state governments.
- Presidential System: Nigeria employs a presidential system where a president is elected by popular vote and serves as head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief.
- Presidential Election Requirements: The winning candidate must secure a majority of the national vote and win 25% of the votes in at least two-thirds of the states.
- Bicameral Legislature: Nigeria has a bicameral legislature comprising the House of Representatives (lower chamber) and the Senate (upper chamber).
- Common Law System: The legal system is based on common law and includes the power of judicial review.
- Multiparty System: A multiparty system exists in Nigeria.
- Patron-Clientelism (Prebendalism): The exchange of favors, such as jobs, for personal gain is prevalent.
- Social Movements: Social movements, like MEND (Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta) and MOSOP (Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People), have emerged to address regional concerns.
- Ethnic and Religious Cleavages: Significant ethnic and religious cleavages, with regional differences in religion. (North is predominantly Muslim, South primarily Christian), contributing to political tensions.
- Regional and Economic Cleavages: Economic disparities exist between the richer oil-producing southern regions and other areas of the country.
- Rentier State and Resource Curse: Nigeria is characterized as a rentier state, relying heavily on oil revenue, which can hinder economic diversification and development.
- Bureaucracy and Corruption: Nigeria's bureaucracy is often viewed as bloated and corrupt.
- State Corporatism: Para-statals, privately owned but controlled by government appointees, contribute to the patron-client network.
- Foreign Policy: Nigeria plays a significant role in supranational organizations, including the African Union (AU), ECOWAS, OPEC, UN, and WTO.
- Security Concerns: Boko Haram is a notable security threat.
MEXICO
- Transition from Authoritarian to Democratic Regime: Mexico also transitioned to a democratic regime with regular elections and a written constitution, moving away from one-party dominance under the PRI.
- Federalist System: Mexico has a federalist system, dividing powers between the national government and subnational governments (local and state).
- Presidential System: Mexico uses a presidential system (a six-year term), but with a single term limit.
- Election System: Use a 'first past the post' system with a Presidential election based on plurality (most votes wins). Impeachment is conducted by the legislature.
- Bicameral Legislature: A bicameral congressional system exists with specific gender quotas (50% of candidates must be women).
- Chamber of Deputies: This lower chamber is elected via single-member district elections with a four-year term limit.
- Senate: This upper chamber is elected via multi-member state elections with a 6-year term limit and two-year term election cycles.
- Code Law System: Mexico uses a code law system in its judicial system.
- Judicial Review (Limited Use): While a judicial review system exists, it's not extensively used.
- Multiparty System: Mexico has a multiparty system, with Morena as a prominent current party.
- Media Transparency: Transparency in media usage is an ongoing issue, despite constitutional provisions.
- Interest Groups: Zapatistas, a communist group in southern Mexico, are an example of a social movement protesting neoliberal policies.
- Cleavages: Mexico confronts ethnic (Indigenous/Non-Indigenous) and regional (North/South) cleavages with significant regional economic disparities.
- Economic Focus: The north of Mexico has maquiladoras (factories), while the south focuses on agriculture.
- State-Owned Oil Company: PEMEX, the state-owned oil company, is a key part of Mexico's economy.
- Federal Election Commission (INE): Created to safeguard election integrity, promoting transparent elections.
- Import Substitution: A previous policy of import substitution in the Mexican economy aimed at increasing domestic industry and reducing foreign dependency.
- Drug Trafficking/Cartels: Drug trafficking and related cartels are substantial issues in Mexico.
- Supranational Organizations: Mexico participates in international organizations like NAFTA (now USMCA), WTO, and IMF.
UNITED KINGDOM
- Parliamentary System: The UK has a parliamentary system, where the legislative branch is bicameral.
- Bicameral Legislature: Two legislative chambers – The House of Lords (upper house). and the House of Commons (lower house).
- House of Commons: This chamber uses First Past the Post (FPTP) election system, leading to a Prime Minister who is chosen by the majority party.
- Fixed Term Parliament Act: Implemented in 2011, establishing a fixed five-year term for the House of Commons, except in cases of a no confidence vote or a snap election with a two-thirds majority.
- Hung Parliament: A possible outcome in which no single party has a majority in Commons, this often results in coalition governments.
- House of Lords: Comprised of appointed members, this chamber can delay legislation and debate technical aspects.
- Prime Minister's Questions: This session allows for the scrutiny of the government and holds the executive accountable.
- Common Law System: The UK operates under a common law system.
- Supreme Court (Established 2009): The UK Supreme Court's establishment has enhanced judicial authority, however, it does not use judicial review.
- Devolution and Civil Cases: Systems for devolution and civil cases exist within the UK legal structure.
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Description
This quiz explores Nigeria's transition from an authoritarian regime to a democratic system, detailing its federalist structure, presidential election requirements, and bicameral legislature. Understand the unique aspects of Nigeria's governance, including its common law foundation and multiparty dynamics.
