Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the five categories that Newmark divided culture-specific items into?
What are the five categories that Newmark divided culture-specific items into?
In translation, what does 'Componential Analysis' involve?
In translation, what does 'Componential Analysis' involve?
Which translation procedure involves the conversion of single names or proper nouns?
Which translation procedure involves the conversion of single names or proper nouns?
What is the process of 'Calque' in translation?
What is the process of 'Calque' in translation?
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Which translation procedure involves replacing one word class with another?
Which translation procedure involves replacing one word class with another?
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What is modulation in the context of translation?
What is modulation in the context of translation?
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What is the purpose of the technique of equivalence in translation?
What is the purpose of the technique of equivalence in translation?
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When is the technique of adaptation used in translation?
When is the technique of adaptation used in translation?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the techniques of adjustments proposed by Eugene Nida?
Which of the following is NOT one of the techniques of adjustments proposed by Eugene Nida?
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What is the primary belief behind the domestication strategy in translation, according to Venuti?
What is the primary belief behind the domestication strategy in translation, according to Venuti?
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Study Notes
Cultural Translation Procedures
- Newmark's five categories for culture-specific items: ecology, material culture, social culture, organizations, customs, ideas, gestures, and habits
- Five basic cultural translation procedures by Newmark:
- Transference of a Cultural Word: acceptable if the word is already adopted into the target language
- Target Language Cultural Equivalence: replacing a culture-specific item with a target language item of similar meaning
- Descriptive Equivalent: explaining the meaning of a word in several words
- Componential Analysis: comparing source language words with target language words to identify common and differing sense components
- Transonym: converting single names or proper nouns during translation
Translation Procedures of Vinay & Dalbernet
- Direct Translation Procedures:
- Borrowing: using foreign phrasing in the target text
- Calque: translating each element of an expression literally
- Literal Translation: direct transfer of a text from source language to target language
- Oblique Translation Procedures:
- Transposition: replacing one word class with another without changing the meaning
- Modulation: changing the form of the message through a change in perspective
- Equivalence: producing an equivalent text using different stylistic and structural methods
- Adaptation: recreating a situation equivalent to the source language message in the target culture
Techniques of Adjustments by Eugene Nida
- Four techniques for adjustments:
- Additions
- Subtraction
- Alterations
- Footnotes
- Purposes of adjustment techniques:
- Producing semantically equivalent structures
- Adjusting the message to fit the structure of the target language
- Carrying an equivalent communication load
- Providing equivalent stylistic appropriateness
Domestication and Foreignization Strategies by Venuti
- Domestication: translating to make the text suitable for the target culture
- Foreignization: translating to preserve the source language culture and characteristics
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Description
This quiz covers Newmark's five categories for culture-specific items and the five basic cultural translation procedures proposed by Newmark. Test your knowledge on topics such as transference of cultural words and target language cultural equivalence.
