New France 1608-1760
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Questions and Answers

What prompted the Iroquois to ally with the British against the French?

  • A competition for fur trade control (correct)
  • Desire for land ownership rights
  • Religious conflicts
  • Discovery of new resources
  • Which Indigenous groups were directly involved in conflicts that affected the French fur trade?

  • Hurons and Iroquois (correct)
  • Iroquois and Sioux
  • Algonquians and Navajo
  • Maliseet and Cree
  • What was one consequence of the destruction of Huronia in 1649?

  • Survivors resettled near Quebec City (correct)
  • Expansion of British territories into New France
  • Increased fur trade with the British
  • The Iroquois formed an alliance with the Hurons
  • What negative effect did the fur trade have on New France's relations with the Thirteen Colonies?

    <p>It caused territorial expansion conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which result followed the French need to find new allies for fur trade?

    <p>Exploration into the North American continent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a colony in the context of colonization?

    <p>A territory ruled by another state which exploits it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the British respond to New France's territorial expansion?

    <p>By allying with the Iroquois to disrupt French settlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the positive outcomes of the fur trade for New France?

    <p>Territorial expansion deeper into the continent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of colony only requires a small number of people and involves temporary residence?

    <p>Trading post colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of Samuel de Champlain when founding Quebec City?

    <p>To develop the fur trade as a priority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Maliseet and Algonquians play in the fur trade?

    <p>They introduced the French to the Hurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategic advantage did Champlain recognize about Quebec City's location?

    <p>It was easy to control navigation on the St. Lawrence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the first fortified trading post built in Quebec City?

    <p>L'Abitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about New France is true following the founding of Quebec City?

    <p>New France became a trading post colony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Samuel de Champlain found Quebec City?

    <p>1608</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the King of France instruct Champlain to prioritize?

    <p>Finding a good location for a permanent settlement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A

    <p>France maintained its territorial claims in the Ohio Valley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A

    <p>The deportation of the Acadians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Ohio Valley in the conflicts between France and Great Britain. A

    <p>It was a major fishing resource for both nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Seven Years War for A

    <p>New France was ultimately defeated and lost territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original purpose of. A

    <p>To house the Acadian population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did Britain capture Louisbourg during the War of the Austrian Succession? A

    <p>1748</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the deportation of the Acadians. A

    <p>Permanent settlement of British loyalists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the Seven Years War compared to earlier conflicts? A

    <p>It was solely based in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary role of the coureurs de bois in New France? A a a.

    <p>To establish agricultural practices in New France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701?a a. As. As

    <p>It increased the number of French settlers in New France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT part of the economic diversification efforts after Jean Talon? A

    <p>Timber production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the life and culture of the Canadiens (habitants) during the French regime? A. As a

    <p>A strong sense of independence and adaptation to New France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which influence did the Europeans impart on the Indigenous peoples in New France? A a a a a

    <p>Formation of traditional council systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Louis Hebert and his family play in the history of New France? A a a a

    <p>They were the first military leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes mercantilism?

    <p>An economic system focused on accumulating gold through exports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was NOT involved in the French fur trade process?

    <p>Spanish traders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first economic staple of New France before being replaced by fur?

    <p>Fish and whaling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accurately reflects the relationship between colonies and the mother country in a mercantilist system?

    <p>Colonies supply natural resources and are markets for manufactured goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the first soldiers sent to New France? A a a a a.

    <p>The Recollets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the decisive battle that led to the British victory in Quebec? A a a a a a

    <p>Battle of l’Anse au Foulon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategic action did Governor Vaudreuil take to prevent casualties during the British siege of Montreal?a a a a a a a a

    <p>Surrendered by signing the Articles of Capitulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key reasons European countries sought colonies?

    <p>To extract natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which religious orders were established in New France to oversee spiritual life? A a a a

    <p>Augustinians and Dominicans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant disadvantage faced by the French during the conflict?

    <p>They had too few men to defend their large territory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the self-sufficiency of the British colonies compare to that of New France?

    <p>The British colonies were self-sufficient, while New France relied on France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the results of Wolfe's actions during the battle? A a a. A a

    <p>He was awarded the title of Governor of Quebec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    New France 1608-1760

    • Document outlines the history of Quebec education in 2024-2025, focusing on New France from 1608-1760.
    • A map of New France is included, showcasing major settlements like Quebec, Trois-Rivières, and Montréal, and its geographical relationship with surrounding territories like the English colonies.
    • Information about colonialism is presented, defining colony and mother country.
    • Different colony types are categorized: trading post and settlement colonies.

    Colonization

    • Colonization is the process of claiming land and establishing colonies for the benefit of the mother country.
    • A colony is a territory ruled by another state that exploits it.
    • A mother country is a state that possesses colonies or territories outside its own territory, for instance, France or Great Britain in relation to New France and the Thirteen Colonies.

    Types of Colonies

    • Trading post colonies involve temporary European residents exploiting natural resources and trading them.
    • Settlement colonies involve permanent settlement by Europeans to exploit resources and settle.

    Samuel de Champlain and Quebec City

    • Champlain, arriving in 1603, recognized the fur trade's potential.
    • The King of France directed him to find a permanent settlement location and prioritize fur trade development.
    • Champlain founded Quebec City in 1608, marking the beginning of permanent French presence in North America.
    • Quebec's location, on the St. Lawrence River, provided navigational and defensive advantages.
    • The establishment of L'Abitation solidified trade with Indigenous peoples.
    • Champlain became the first governor of New France in 1627.
    • He explored the surrounding area—Richelieu River, Lake Champlain, Lake Ontario, Lake Huron, and Ottawa River.
    • Louis Hebert and his family settled in 1617, the first settlers in New France.

    Mercantilism

    • Mercantilism is an economic theory where a country's power is measured by its gold supply.
    • Exports are favored over imports.
    • Colonies provide the mother country with raw resources.
    • Manufactured goods are made in the mother country and sold to colonies.
    • Colonies serve as markets for manufactured exports.
    • Mercantilism maintains heavy dependency of colonies on the mother country for economic survival by ensuring that all goods originate from the mother country.

    The Fur Trade

    • The fur trade became a major economic staple in New France.
    • The King sought to establish a colony to tap into the fur trade.
    • The Company of 100 Associates was formed (1627) for the fur trade, promising money and settlers for a monopoly.
    • Indigenous peoples were essential in the fur trade, hunting and delivering furs.
    • Colonization of new territories became necessary due to increased competition.
    • However, fur trading proved more profitable than settlement, leading to a slow population increase.

    The Seigneurial System

    • This land distribution system aimed to develop lands, increase population, and diversify the economy.
    • Seigneuries were long, rectangular lots established along rivers like the St. Lawrence and Richelieu for agricultural use, transportation, and irrigation.

    The Relationships Between Settlers and Indigenous Groups

    • Various reasons are cited for strengthening ties with the Indigenous, including obtaining more furs and evangelization.
    • Conflicts also occurred, such as the Iroquois Confederacy escalating into war between the French colonists and the indigenous peoples with British support that led to the loss of land for the French and a decrease in their population.

    The Role of the Church

    • Religious missions attempted to convert Indigenous groups.
    • The Church offered support to those in need, operated hospitals, organized education, and maintained records.
    • Key figures included Paul Chomedey and Jeanne Mance, founders of Ville-Marie (Montreal), which aimed to become a religiously motivated settlement.

    New France as a Trading Post Colony

    • New France, primarily focused on the fur trade, was considered a trading post colony.
    • The colony needed few settlers and remained heavily dependent on France for survival, which led to low population growth.
    • Demographic imbalance favored men over women, affecting population growth.
    • Factors contributing to lower population growth include the difficulty in attracting settlers, challenging winters, danger from Iroquois attacks, and distance from France.
    • The colony was dependent on the mother country for resources and guidance.

    Royal Government in New France

    • King Louis XIV took direct control of the colony in 1663.
    • The motivation was to increase the population to rival the Thirteen Colonies.
    • Royal Government established various positions: Bishop, Intendant, and Governor.
    • Defense for the colony was important: Militia, a non-professional and unpaid defense force was constituted and reinforced with the addition of the Carignan-Salières regiment (1665).

    Jean Talon's Role as Intendant

    • Jean Talon, the first Intendant of New France in 1665, primarily focused on increasing population and diversifying the economy.
    • Methods included immigration programs (e.g., the Filles du Roi–King's Daughters), incentives for settlement, and encouraging early marriage.
    • Attempting to diversify included agriculture and new industries.

    Triangular Trade

    • A system of trade existed between France, New France, and the Antilles.
    • Raw goods were transported from New France and the Antilles to France for manufacturing.
    • Manufactured goods were then transported back to the colonies at a profit.
    • Colonies were reliant on France for this system and trade.

    Territorial Expansion

    • The French conducted exploration and land claims.
    • The French aimed to bolster their alliances with Indigenous groups, acquire more resources, and secure land before the English.
    • Key events contributing to the French expansion include the establishment of settlements, alliances with the Indigenous groups in the North, and the expansion of New France into the territory of what is now Louisiana, Illinois, and the lands north of the Great Lakes.

    Colonial Rivalries and Wars

    • Conflicts arose between France and Great Britain over control of the fur trade and territorial expansion.

    The Seven Years' War

    • The Seven Years' War (1756-1763), triggered by tensions over the Ohio River Valley, was Britain's and France's final conflict in North America.
    • The Ohio Valley was strategically important for fur trade and expansion into Native American territories.
    • Britain significantly overtrod the French and allied Native Americans, leading to the British victory in the Seven Years War.
    • The British takeover ended New France.

    The Capture of Louisbourg

    • The British successfully captured Louisbourg Fortress in 1758, gaining control of the St. Lawrence River.
    • Following Louisbourg's capture, the siege of Quebec followed and Wolfe's triumph.
    • This led to the capture of Montreal and the ultimate British victory in North America, which marked the end of New France.

    The Capitulation of Montreal

    • The final British victory came with the surrender of the French forces at Montreal.
    • The terms of surrender were formalized via the Articles of Capitulation.

    The British Victory

    • Various factors contributed to the British victory: the French manpower shortage, the British naval superiority, the self-sufficiency of the British colonies, and the British resolve for victory in North America.

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    Description

    Explore the history of education in Quebec from 1608 to 1760, focusing on its colonial context and major settlements like Quebec and Montréal. This quiz covers the different types of colonies, including trading posts and settlement colonies, and examines the relationship between mother countries and their colonies.

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