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What were the consequences of the Iroquois alliances with the Thirteen Colonies for New France?
What were the consequences of the Iroquois alliances with the Thirteen Colonies for New France?
The Iroquois allied with the Thirteen Colonies and attacked French settlements, greatly impacting New France's stability.
How did the destruction of the Hurons affect the French fur trade?
How did the destruction of the Hurons affect the French fur trade?
The destruction of the Hurons forced the French to seek new allies for fur trade, leading them to expand further into North America.
What role did the Maliseet and Algonquians play in the fur trade with the French?
What role did the Maliseet and Algonquians play in the fur trade with the French?
The Maliseet and Algonquians introduced the French to the Huron territory, facilitating critical trading relationships.
Explain one positive and one negative consequence of the fur trade on New France.
Explain one positive and one negative consequence of the fur trade on New France.
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What actions did the British take to undermine the French fur trade?
What actions did the British take to undermine the French fur trade?
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What were the two main reasons the French sought to strengthen their relationship with the Indigenous peoples?
What were the two main reasons the French sought to strengthen their relationship with the Indigenous peoples?
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Name the Indigenous groups that the French allied with in 1603.
Name the Indigenous groups that the French allied with in 1603.
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What was the role of missionaries among the Indigenous populations?
What was the role of missionaries among the Indigenous populations?
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How did the alliances formed by the French in 1603 and 1616 affect their relations with the Iroquois Confederacy?
How did the alliances formed by the French in 1603 and 1616 affect their relations with the Iroquois Confederacy?
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List two responsibilities of the Seigneur towards the Censitaire.
List two responsibilities of the Seigneur towards the Censitaire.
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What rights did the Censitaire have in their relationship with the Seigneur?
What rights did the Censitaire have in their relationship with the Seigneur?
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What is one responsibility of the Church members concerning their contributions?
What is one responsibility of the Church members concerning their contributions?
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What was one privilege that Church members enjoyed?
What was one privilege that Church members enjoyed?
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What was the primary purpose of establishing New France as a trading post colony?
What was the primary purpose of establishing New France as a trading post colony?
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How did the demographic imbalance in New France affect its growth?
How did the demographic imbalance in New France affect its growth?
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What were some reasons New France struggled to attract colonists?
What were some reasons New France struggled to attract colonists?
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What distinguishes the trading post colony from the settlement colony in New France?
What distinguishes the trading post colony from the settlement colony in New France?
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What was one key reason the Company of 100 Associates did not bring many settlers to New France?
What was one key reason the Company of 100 Associates did not bring many settlers to New France?
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How did the climate of New France affect its settlement?
How did the climate of New France affect its settlement?
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What role did Marguerite Bourgeois play in New France?
What role did Marguerite Bourgeois play in New France?
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What was the status of religious practices in New France?
What was the status of religious practices in New France?
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What incentives were provided to encourage early marriage in New France?
What incentives were provided to encourage early marriage in New France?
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How did the birth rate in New France compare to the immigration rate?
How did the birth rate in New France compare to the immigration rate?
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What role did Jean Talon play in diversifying the economy of New France?
What role did Jean Talon play in diversifying the economy of New France?
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What was the purpose of the King’s gift (dowry) in New France?
What was the purpose of the King’s gift (dowry) in New France?
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What were the consequences for single men in New France regarding the fur trade?
What were the consequences for single men in New France regarding the fur trade?
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Describe the triangular trade system involving France and New France.
Describe the triangular trade system involving France and New France.
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What types of domesticated animals were imported to New France to support agriculture?
What types of domesticated animals were imported to New France to support agriculture?
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How did local industries impact the economy of New France?
How did local industries impact the economy of New France?
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What products were part of the First Nations' food sources mentioned in the content?
What products were part of the First Nations' food sources mentioned in the content?
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How did Indigenous peoples adapt their clothing according to the content?
How did Indigenous peoples adapt their clothing according to the content?
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What types of tools and utensils did Indigenous peoples utilize?
What types of tools and utensils did Indigenous peoples utilize?
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Name two forms of transportation used by Indigenous peoples mentioned in the content.
Name two forms of transportation used by Indigenous peoples mentioned in the content.
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What impact did guns have on Indigenous peoples as detailed in the material?
What impact did guns have on Indigenous peoples as detailed in the material?
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What was the primary cause of the intercolonial wars between France and Great Britain?
What was the primary cause of the intercolonial wars between France and Great Britain?
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What was the outcome of the First Intercolonial War, the War of the League of Augsburg?
What was the outcome of the First Intercolonial War, the War of the League of Augsburg?
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What event triggered the Second Intercolonial War, the War of Spanish Succession?
What event triggered the Second Intercolonial War, the War of Spanish Succession?
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What motivated the British to deport the Acadians?
What motivated the British to deport the Acadians?
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What were the British and French priorities during the Seven Years War?
What were the British and French priorities during the Seven Years War?
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How did the capture of Louisbourg impact British control in North America?
How did the capture of Louisbourg impact British control in North America?
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Who was in charge of the siege of Quebec and what strategy did he employ?
Who was in charge of the siege of Quebec and what strategy did he employ?
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When did the Seven Years War officially begin?
When did the Seven Years War officially begin?
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What was the scale of British military forces at the Siege of Quebec?
What was the scale of British military forces at the Siege of Quebec?
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What were attempts made by the British to land forces near Montmorency?
What were attempts made by the British to land forces near Montmorency?
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How many Acadians were deported during the British actions?
How many Acadians were deported during the British actions?
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Study Notes
New France 1608-1760
- The period covers the French colonial presence in North America from 1608 to 1760.
- A period of French colonization in the North American region, starting with the establishment of Quebec City.
- The goal of the French was to exploit and control the fur trade, a valuable resource.
- Crucial to understand the historical context of French settlement.
Colonization
- Colonization is the process of claiming land and establishing colonies for the benefit of the mother country.
- A colony is a territory controlled by another state which is then exploited.
- The mother country is a state that holds territories outside its own.
- Examples of mother countries include France and Great Britain.
- Examples of colonies include New France and the Thirteen Colonies.
Types of Colonies
- Trading post colony: A territory taken over for natural resource exploitation and trade, only needing a limited population (temporary residents).
- Settlement colony: A territory taken over for the purpose of exploiting natural resources and for permanent settlement of colonists.
Samuel de Champlain and the Founding of Quebec City
- Champlain arrived in Canada in 1603 and recognized the potential of the fur trade.
- The King of France tasked him with finding a location for a permanent settlement and developing the fur trade.
- Champlain established the first permanent settlement in 1608, Quebec City, as the start of New France.
- The location was strategically chosen for easy navigation on the St. Lawrence River and natural defenses.
- Champlain's group built L'habitation, the first fortified trading post in Quebec City, allowing Indigenous people to directly trade furs.
- Champlain acted as the first governor of New France and explored the surrounding areas.
Mercantilism in New France
- Mercantilism was an economic theory where a country's power was measured by its gold supply.
- Colonies provided natural resources to the mother country, which then created manufactured goods.
- These goods were then sold back to the colonies.
- The idea was to export more than you import and to extract precious metals/resources from the colonies to enrich France.
- Fur was the first economic staple, quickly replaced by furs as the most valuable product.
The Fur Trade
- The fur trade was the primary economic activity in New France.
- Indigenous peoples hunted and brought furs to French trading posts, creating a system of exchange.
- French traders then processed the furs and shipped them to Europe for profit.
- This trade led to relations with the indigenous, both positive and negative.
The Seigneurial System
- A system of land ownership developed to encourage settlement.
- Seigneuries, long rectangular lots of land surrounding the St. Lawrence and Richelieu River valleys, were divided.
- Land was granted to seigneurs (landowners) who expected fees in return.
- Peasants were obligated to work the land and pay dues in order to farm and have land.
The Role of the Catholic Church in New France
- Missionaries focused on evangelizing Indigenous people.
- Established missions – which helped the indigenous adapt to French society.
- They played a significant role in daily life running hospitals and schools, supporting orphans, and recording births, deaths and marriages.
The Deportation of The Acadians
- The British deported Acadians (French colonists in Nova Scotia) in 1755 for suspicion of siding with the French.
- These events led to conflicts and wars for territorial control.
- This deportation represents a significant period in the history of Acadia, and the people affected or displaced.
The Intercolonial Wars
- Conflicts between Great Britain and France and their respective colonies over control of North American territory and the fur trade, lasted from 1689 – 1763.
- Several wars took place during this period, each fought for control of colonial regions in North America.
The Seven Years' War (1756-1763)
- A global conflict with military engagements in Europe and the colonies.
- The North American theater of war involved the British and the French, along with their Native American allies.
- The war resulted in France's loss of New France, as the British triumphed.
The Capitulation of Montreal
- The final significant engagement of the Seven Years' War.
- The British forces successfully surrounded Montreal, leading to the surrender of the city.
- This marked a significant turning point in the struggle for control of North America, ultimately resulting in British victory.
Demographic Trends of New France
- The demographics of New France were low compared to the British colonies, primarily due to a lack of female settlers.
- Policies to rectify this were implemented, including the use of immigrants to increase population and offer settlement opportunities.
Demographics of the Thirteen Colonies
- The Thirteen Colonies were populated with people coming from multiple origins.
- There were more women than men, meaning the demographic was not unbalanced.
- The more balanced demography of the Thirteen Colonies led to success.
Economic Strategies
- New France's primary economic strategy was focused on the fur trade.
- Diversification efforts were made, yet the fur trade remained dominant.
- The trading post system meant New France was reliant on the mother country for much of its goods and services.
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Test your knowledge on the French colonial history in North America from 1608 to 1760. Explore the impact of colonial practices and the types of colonies established during this period. Understand the significance of the fur trade and the role of New France in early American history.