New France 1608-1760 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What were the consequences of the Iroquois alliances with the Thirteen Colonies for New France?

The Iroquois allied with the Thirteen Colonies and attacked French settlements, greatly impacting New France's stability.

How did the destruction of the Hurons affect the French fur trade?

The destruction of the Hurons forced the French to seek new allies for fur trade, leading them to expand further into North America.

What role did the Maliseet and Algonquians play in the fur trade with the French?

The Maliseet and Algonquians introduced the French to the Huron territory, facilitating critical trading relationships.

Explain one positive and one negative consequence of the fur trade on New France.

<p>A positive consequence was the territorial expansion into new areas for fur resources, while a negative consequence was increased conflict with Indigenous groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions did the British take to undermine the French fur trade?

<p>The British encouraged Iroquois attacks on French settlements and supplied them with guns to weaken French control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two main reasons the French sought to strengthen their relationship with the Indigenous peoples?

<p>To obtain more furs and to evangelize the Indigenous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the Indigenous groups that the French allied with in 1603.

<p>The Innu, Maliseet, and Algonquian.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of missionaries among the Indigenous populations?

<p>Missionaries were sent to live with the Indigenous to learn their language and evangelize them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the alliances formed by the French in 1603 and 1616 affect their relations with the Iroquois Confederacy?

<p>The alliances made the French enemies with the Iroquois Confederacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two responsibilities of the Seigneur towards the Censitaire.

<p>To grant land and to maintain roads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What rights did the Censitaire have in their relationship with the Seigneur?

<p>To be granted land and to use local mill and common pasture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one responsibility of the Church members concerning their contributions?

<p>They were required to pay the tithe, which is a church tax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one privilege that Church members enjoyed?

<p>Members enjoyed being seated in the front row at Church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of establishing New France as a trading post colony?

<p>To exploit the fur trade for the benefit of fur trading companies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the demographic imbalance in New France affect its growth?

<p>The low population, with more men than women, hindered the colony's growth and social development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some reasons New France struggled to attract colonists?

<p>Factors included the focus on the fur trade, threats from Iroquois and English, harsh climate, and religious restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the trading post colony from the settlement colony in New France?

<p>The trading post colony was focused on commercial activities, while the settlement colony aimed for a diverse economy with more settlers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one key reason the Company of 100 Associates did not bring many settlers to New France?

<p>They prioritized profit from the fur trade over establishing a residential population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the climate of New France affect its settlement?

<p>The long and cold winters made it less appealing for settlers and contributed to low immigration rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Marguerite Bourgeois play in New France?

<p>She established the first school to educate Indigenous girls in the colony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of religious practices in New France?

<p>Only Catholics were allowed to settle in New France, limiting its demographic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What incentives were provided to encourage early marriage in New France?

<p>Fines were imposed on those not married by age 20 for boys and 16 for girls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the birth rate in New France compare to the immigration rate?

<p>The birth rate surpassed the immigration rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Jean Talon play in diversifying the economy of New France?

<p>Jean Talon encouraged agriculture and established new local industries such as hat-making and breweries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the King’s gift (dowry) in New France?

<p>It was given to newly married couples to incentivize marriage and increase the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the consequences for single men in New France regarding the fur trade?

<p>Single men were not granted fur trade licenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the triangular trade system involving France and New France.

<p>Raw goods from New France were sent to France, where they were turned into manufactured products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of domesticated animals were imported to New France to support agriculture?

<p>Animals such as sheep, horses, pigs, and cows were imported.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did local industries impact the economy of New France?

<p>Local industries like tanneries and shipbuilding created jobs and supported economic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What products were part of the First Nations' food sources mentioned in the content?

<p>Maple syrup and the Three Sisters (corn, beans, and squash) are part of their food sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Indigenous peoples adapt their clothing according to the content?

<p>They learned to make winter clothing from animal skins and blankets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of tools and utensils did Indigenous peoples utilize?

<p>They used metal objects, knives, pots, axes, and various utensils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two forms of transportation used by Indigenous peoples mentioned in the content.

<p>Canoes and toboggans were commonly used for transportation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did guns have on Indigenous peoples as detailed in the material?

<p>Indigenous peoples became dependent on guns (muskets) for warfare and hunting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary cause of the intercolonial wars between France and Great Britain?

<p>The desire to control fur trade and expand territory was the primary cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the First Intercolonial War, the War of the League of Augsburg?

<p>France won the war, but there were no changes in territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event triggered the Second Intercolonial War, the War of Spanish Succession?

<p>The succession to the Spanish throne triggered the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivated the British to deport the Acadians?

<p>The British feared the Acadians would support the French during the next war and aimed to encourage British immigration to Nova Scotia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the British and French priorities during the Seven Years War?

<p>The British focused on winning both the European war and the conflict in North America, while the French prioritized expanding their territory in Europe with little support for New France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the capture of Louisbourg impact British control in North America?

<p>The capture of Louisbourg by the British in 1758 allowed them to control access to the St. Lawrence River and set the stage for the invasion of New France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was in charge of the siege of Quebec and what strategy did he employ?

<p>James Wolfe led the siege of Quebec, using cannons to bombard the city from Levis until it was nearly destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Seven Years War officially begin?

<p>The Seven Years War officially started in 1756.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the scale of British military forces at the Siege of Quebec?

<p>At the Siege of Quebec, the British deployed 39,000 soldiers supported by 50 warships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were attempts made by the British to land forces near Montmorency?

<p>The British made several attempts to land forces near Montmorency, but all were unsuccessful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Acadians were deported during the British actions?

<p>Out of 13,000 Acadians, approximately 10,000 were deported.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

New France 1608-1760

  • The period covers the French colonial presence in North America from 1608 to 1760.
  • A period of French colonization in the North American region, starting with the establishment of Quebec City.
  • The goal of the French was to exploit and control the fur trade, a valuable resource.
  • Crucial to understand the historical context of French settlement.

Colonization

  • Colonization is the process of claiming land and establishing colonies for the benefit of the mother country.
  • A colony is a territory controlled by another state which is then exploited.
  • The mother country is a state that holds territories outside its own.
  • Examples of mother countries include France and Great Britain.
  • Examples of colonies include New France and the Thirteen Colonies.

Types of Colonies

  • Trading post colony: A territory taken over for natural resource exploitation and trade, only needing a limited population (temporary residents).
  • Settlement colony: A territory taken over for the purpose of exploiting natural resources and for permanent settlement of colonists.

Samuel de Champlain and the Founding of Quebec City

  • Champlain arrived in Canada in 1603 and recognized the potential of the fur trade.
  • The King of France tasked him with finding a location for a permanent settlement and developing the fur trade.
  • Champlain established the first permanent settlement in 1608, Quebec City, as the start of New France.
  • The location was strategically chosen for easy navigation on the St. Lawrence River and natural defenses.
  • Champlain's group built L'habitation, the first fortified trading post in Quebec City, allowing Indigenous people to directly trade furs.
  • Champlain acted as the first governor of New France and explored the surrounding areas.

Mercantilism in New France

  • Mercantilism was an economic theory where a country's power was measured by its gold supply.
  • Colonies provided natural resources to the mother country, which then created manufactured goods.
  • These goods were then sold back to the colonies.
  • The idea was to export more than you import and to extract precious metals/resources from the colonies to enrich France.
  • Fur was the first economic staple, quickly replaced by furs as the most valuable product.

The Fur Trade

  • The fur trade was the primary economic activity in New France.
  • Indigenous peoples hunted and brought furs to French trading posts, creating a system of exchange.
  • French traders then processed the furs and shipped them to Europe for profit.
  • This trade led to relations with the indigenous, both positive and negative.

The Seigneurial System

  • A system of land ownership developed to encourage settlement.
  • Seigneuries, long rectangular lots of land surrounding the St. Lawrence and Richelieu River valleys, were divided.
  • Land was granted to seigneurs (landowners) who expected fees in return.
  • Peasants were obligated to work the land and pay dues in order to farm and have land.

The Role of the Catholic Church in New France

  • Missionaries focused on evangelizing Indigenous people.
  • Established missions – which helped the indigenous adapt to French society.
  • They played a significant role in daily life running hospitals and schools, supporting orphans, and recording births, deaths and marriages.

The Deportation of The Acadians

  • The British deported Acadians (French colonists in Nova Scotia) in 1755 for suspicion of siding with the French.
  • These events led to conflicts and wars for territorial control.
  • This deportation represents a significant period in the history of Acadia, and the people affected or displaced.

The Intercolonial Wars

  • Conflicts between Great Britain and France and their respective colonies over control of North American territory and the fur trade, lasted from 1689 – 1763.
  • Several wars took place during this period, each fought for control of colonial regions in North America.

The Seven Years' War (1756-1763)

  • A global conflict with military engagements in Europe and the colonies.
  • The North American theater of war involved the British and the French, along with their Native American allies.
  • The war resulted in France's loss of New France, as the British triumphed.

The Capitulation of Montreal

  • The final significant engagement of the Seven Years' War.
  • The British forces successfully surrounded Montreal, leading to the surrender of the city.
  • This marked a significant turning point in the struggle for control of North America, ultimately resulting in British victory.
  • The demographics of New France were low compared to the British colonies, primarily due to a lack of female settlers.
  • Policies to rectify this were implemented, including the use of immigrants to increase population and offer settlement opportunities.

Demographics of the Thirteen Colonies

  • The Thirteen Colonies were populated with people coming from multiple origins.
  • There were more women than men, meaning the demographic was not unbalanced.
  • The more balanced demography of the Thirteen Colonies led to success.

Economic Strategies

  • New France's primary economic strategy was focused on the fur trade.
  • Diversification efforts were made, yet the fur trade remained dominant.
  • The trading post system meant New France was reliant on the mother country for much of its goods and services.

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Test your knowledge on the French colonial history in North America from 1608 to 1760. Explore the impact of colonial practices and the types of colonies established during this period. Understand the significance of the fur trade and the role of New France in early American history.

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