Neurotransmitters and Pain Reflexes
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following actions results in the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) phenomenon?

  • The opening of sodium channels
  • The simultaneous opening of sodium and chloride channels (correct)
  • The opening of chloride channels
  • The opening of potassium channels
  • Which of the following actions results in the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) phenomenon?

  • The opening of potassium channels (correct)
  • The opening of sodium channels
  • The opening of voltage gated calcium channels
  • The opening of voltage gated sodium channels
  • How does transmission of the electrical signal from the dendrites of a neuron to the cell body of the neuron occur?

  • Capacitive discharge
  • Electrotonic conduction (correct)
  • An action potential
  • Short circuit current flow
  • Which location in the nervous system contains the neuronal circuit for walking?

    <p>The spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypoventilation on blood pH and neuronal activity?

    <p>The first statement is not correct, the second statement is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve fiber has the slowest speed of transmission of the action potential?

    <p>Type C fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of action potentials generated in the axon attached to a receptor change as the receptor potential increases?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released by neurons of the periaqueductal gray area of the nervous system as they connect with the neurons of the nucleus raphe magnus?

    <p>serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Pain from the colon is referred to the lower abdominal area below the umbilicus, and pain from the ureter is referred to the lower back.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Hyperopia is a condition in which the refractive surfaces of the eye bring the light rays to a focal point behind the retina, and it can be corrected by a concave lens because this lens will converge the light rays and bring them to a focal point on the retina.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Damage to the cornea is a serious condition because the cornea is responsible for focusing the visual image on the retina.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions cannot be corrected by placing a lens system in front of the eye?

    <p>hyperopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is responsible for keeping the sodium channels open in the outer segments of the rods and cones in low light conditions?

    <p>melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is/are true?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the number of action potentials in response to a receptor potential above the threshold for activation?

    <p>The number of action potentials will increase proportionally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sensory receptor has the slowest rate of adaptation to a stimulus?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve fiber type has the fastest rate of transmission of action potentials?

    <p>Type A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about achieving gradations in signal intensity?

    <p>Both statements are true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sensory deficit would you expect to see in a patient with a transected spinal column on the left side at the level of C-6?

    <p>Fine touch would be absent on the left side of their body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sensation would remain intact in a patient with a transected spinal column on the left side at the level of C-6?

    <p>Pain and temperature on both sides of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which side would you expect the sensation of vibration to be absent in a patient with a transected spinal column on the left side at the level of C-6?

    <p>The left side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities will NOT cause muscle contraction either directly or reflexly?

    <p>Stimulation of the Golgi tendon organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of events in the patellar reflex (knee jerk reflex)?

    <p>Stretch of the muscle spindle receptor, activation of type 1a sensory fibers, activation of the alpha motor neuron, contraction of the quadriceps muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the neurological structure responsible for verbal and symbolic intelligence on the dominant hemisphere of the brain.

    <p>Wernike’s Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the neurological structure responsible for timing and sequencing of motion.

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the neurological structure damage to which results in the condition called hemiballismus.

    <p>Subtantia Nigra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the neurological structure responsible for the creation of new memories.

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the neurological structure damage to which results in the condition called chorea.

    <p>Caudate Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the neurological structure pathology of which is associated with Parkinson’s disease.

    <p>Subtantia Nigra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the neurological structure responsible for recalling stored memories.

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of cerebellar dysfunction?

    <p>Ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nicotinic receptors are located in which of the following structures?

    <p>In autonomic ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the figure above, at which point/s indicated by the letters A through C will the subjective sensation of rotation be absent with the subject's eyes closed?

    <p>Point B</p> Signup and view all the answers

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