NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

What is NOT a basic function of the nervous system

What are the cells of the nervous system

What is the function of glial cells

What is the function of Neurons

Structure of the Neuron

What are the two different types of extensions of a neuron

Dendrites serve to

Primary function of the axon

Which type of nerves conduct impulses towards the CNS?

Which type of nerves conduct impulses away from the CNS?

Which of the following may carry nerve fibers that are sensory, motor, or both

The somatic nervous system is:

Identify the function: Efferent impulses from brain to skeletal muscle cause body movement.

Identify the function; sends efferent impulses from brain to smooth and cardiac muscle muscle as well as endocrine glands

Which part of the autonomic nervous system helps the body replace body stores during the fight or flight response?

Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential?

What is the term for the electrical difference in charges across the cell membrane of a neuron?

What happens in a neuron when a nerve 'fires' and sends an impulse?

Which of the following is responsible for transmission of information through the nervous system?

Which of the following ONLY provides excitatory effects

Which of the following antagonizes effects of the SNS

Which of the following can also have inhibitory effects

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter

Sympathetic nerves emerge from:

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems generally have the same effects on organs and tissues. TRUE OF FALSE

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of:

What are the components of the nervous system that extend away from the central axis toward the periphery of the body

Identify the function: Afferent sensory impulses from sensory receptors in muscle, skin, eyes, and ears- to the brain

Which ion diffuses into the cell during depolarization?

Which process occurs when Na+ channels close and K+ channels open?

What happens when the depolarization wave reaches the threshold?

When are neurons refractory to new stimuli?

What is the term for the accelerated rate of depolarization in myelinated axons?

What type of neurotransmitters stimulate neurons?

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

What is the function of the diencephalon?

What is the primary function of the brain stem?

Which of the following may stimulate, imitate or inhibit either system and produce the signs that mimic either the sympathetic or parasympathetic system

Identify the function: Sends efferent impulses from brain to smooth and cardiac muscle as well as endocrine glands

Major structures associated with the diencephalon

Relay station for regulating sensory impulses to the cerebrum

Interface between the nervous and endocrine systems; plays a role in regulating temperature, hunger, thirst, and rage and anger responses

Regulates hormone regulation throughout the entire body, endocrine "master gland"

Control accuracy of and fine-tunes movements

Controls higher order behaviors like receiving and interpreting sensory information and initiating conscious nerve impulses to skeletal muscles

Integrates neuron activity that is associated with communication, expression of emotions, learning, memory and recall and other behaviours related to conscious activity

Many of the cranial nerves originate from this areas :

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Releases a chemical that stimulates another neuron or target tissue

The junction between two neurons or a neuron and a target cell

Space between two cells

The receptor of the neurotransmitter is called the

Influx of calcium happens when

Causes vesicles w/ neurotransmitters to fuse w/ cell membrane and release neurotransmitter chemical into the synaptic space

The neurotransmitter binds w/ specific specialized protein receptors on postsynaptic membrane, triggering ________

Synapses occur via

Myelin sheath prevents sodium ion influx so in myelinated axons depolarization can only occur at

During depolarization neurons are refractory to new stimuli and cannot depolarize again until the cycle is completed, what is this called

At the end of repolarization, the cell may repolarize again if the stimulus is high enough, which means that the cell is still refractory to stimuli of normal intensity, but may respond to larger stimuli

Once the depolarization wave has been conducted to the end of the axon, it must be transmitted to the next neuron or to target organ tissue, this occurs via:

Reflexes all have the same basic structure called the _____

Circulates between the meninges and cavities of the brain and spinal cord

Cushions brain from the hard surface of the skull

Has some properties that are involved in the regulation of certain autonomic functions

Responsible for providing blood vessels, nutrients and oxygen and cushioning

The 3 layers of the meninges

Functional barrier separating the capillaries in the brain from the nervous tissue

The brain has the capillary fenestrations that normally are found in vessels in other parts of the body, TRUE OR FALSE

The brain does not have the capillary fenestrations that normally are found in vessels in other parts of the body, TRUE OR FALSE

This prevents certain molecules, drugs, and proteins from passing from the blood to the brain and acts as a protectant

What are impulses sent out from spinal cord or brain stem by the motor neuron which ends at the target organ

Reflexes originate at the sensory receptor, TRUE

Which of the following is used to aid in the diagnoses of spinal cord trauma, peripheral nerve damage or muscle disease

An animal with severe spinal cord damage (L1-L2) can still

Reflex arcs in the lumbar spine (L3-L5) caudal to the trauma the animal can

Reflexes are automatic responses designed to protect the body

Reflex are only autonomic

Reflexes are automatic responses not designed to protect the body

Reflexes may be autonomic or somatic

When stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization the _____________________

When threshold is reached and action potential is conducted along the entire neuron w/ uniform strength, this is called:

All-or-none principle

When potassium channels open in the cell membrane ____

When a neuron is not being stimulated it is maintained by

Negatively charged environment within the cell membrane attracts positive charged ions

How many sodium ions are pumped out of the cell, and how many potassium are pumped into the cell