Neurotransmitter Functions and Drug Mechanisms

True (A)

SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin, leading to a greater concentration of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, where it can bind to receptors and exert its effects.

<p>enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anticholinesterase drugs = Inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine SSRIs = Block the reuptake of serotonin Drugs that block neurotransmitter release = Prevent neurotransmitters from reaching the synapse Drugs that block receptor binding = Prevent neurotransmitters from binding to their receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altering the structure of the synapse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anticholinesterase drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium (Na⁺) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium (Na⁺)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>potassium (K⁺)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium (Na⁺) = Higher outside the cell Calcium (Ca²⁺) = Higher outside the cell Potassium (K⁺) = Higher inside the cell Chloride (Cl⁻) = Higher outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal Lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innervates skeletal muscle and conducts signals about body sensation and movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellum = Coordination of muscles and body equilibrium Thalamus = Sensory relay station Frontal Lobe = Higher level cognition and motor movement initiation Occipital Lobe = Receives visual signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prepares the body for fight, flight, or freeze (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unconscious control of body systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fight, flight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dampens response to stimulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>somatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic = Excites the body for emergency Parasympathetic = Returns body to rest Somatic = Voluntary control of body movements Autonomic = Unconscious control of body systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrocephalus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting the central nervous system and holding structures in place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cranial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial Fossa = Regions of the internal skull Foramen Magnum = Exit point of spinal cord from skull Meningitis = Inflammation of the protective membranes Hematoma = Localized bleeding outside blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pia Mater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhances sensory perception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An autoimmune disease that attacks myelin in the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dopaminergic neurons; the substantia nigra</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced facial expression = Parkinson’s Disease Tremors = Parkinson’s Disease Slowed action potentials = Multiple Sclerosis Permanent deficits = Multiple Sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptom resolution between immune system attacks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system temporarily stops attacks and oligodendrocytes remyelinate axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Innervates skeletal muscle and conducts body sensation and movement signals.

Responsible for higher cognition, motor movement initiation, and expressive language.

Processes sensory information, attention, body schema, and language for reading and writing.

Deep nuclei connected to motor and sensory systems, aiding in movement control.

Coordinates muscles, body equilibrium, and connects to language and cognitive systems.

The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord that controls voluntary and involuntary actions.

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions.

A division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stressful situations.

A division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for calming the body and restoring rest.

A physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, threat, or attack.

The state of relaxation and recovery when the parasympathetic nervous system is active.

Processes that reduce energy consumption in the body, primarily linked to the parasympathetic system.

Systems that protect the central nervous system from injury and disease.

Depressions in the base of the skull that house the brain regions.

The opening at the skull's base where the spinal cord exits.

Three protective layers surrounding the CNS: dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater.

Fluid that cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord.

Local collections of blood outside of blood vessels inside the skull.

Condition characterized by an accumulation of CSF in the brain, leading to increased pressure.

Inflammation of the protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord, usually due to infection.

A difference in the concentration of ions across a membrane.

More sodium ions are found outside the cell than inside.

More calcium ions are found outside the cell compared to inside.

Ions move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

The cell membrane allows certain ions to pass freely while restricting others.

Signals sent through multiple tracks simultaneously.

Inhibitory signals enhance sensory perception by reducing noise from neighboring neurons.

Electrical signals generated by neurons to communicate touch information.

Neurons that reduce the signaling of neighboring neurons to refine sensory input.

Degenerative condition affecting motor control due to dopamine depletion in the brain.

Autoimmune disease that damages myelin in the CNS, impairing signal transmission.

Dopamine receptors that, when decreased, result in reduced movement capabilities.

Part of the nervous system responsible for movement and coordination.

Drugs that inhibit the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse.

Drugs that extend the action of neurotransmitters by keeping them in the synapse longer.

Medications that stop the breakdown of acetylcholine, increasing its availability.

Drugs that prevent the reuptake of serotonin, enhancing its effects on neurons.

The attachment of neurotransmitters to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron.

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron.

The neuron that receives signals from another neuron at the synapse.

The gap between neurons where neurotransmission occurs.