Neuroscienza: Nervos Craniales e Tractus

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Questions and Answers

Quale parte del nucleo trigeminale pontino es originat del cavitate orali?

Nucleo spinal trigeminale

Parte dorsomedial (correct)

Nucleo motor de CNV

Parte ventrolateral

Quale neuron es considerat comme le prime neuron in le pathway de tactus discriminativ?

Neuron con corpora cellulares in le cortex sensoriel

Neuron con corpora cellulares in le nucleo trigeminale pontino

Neuron con corpora cellulares in le nuclae spinal

Neuron con corpora cellulares in le ganglion trigeminale (correct)

Quale tractus es format per le processu central del ganglion trigeminale spinal?

Tractus ventrale trigeminothalamic

Tractus leminiscus medial

Tractus dorsale trigeminothalamic

Tractus spinal del nucleo trigeminale (correct)

Qual es le effecto de una paralysie del nervo oculomotori?

Difficulte a ajustar se al lumine Signup and view all the answers

Quale cortice es activate per le neuron tertie del pathway de dolore e temperatura?

Cortex cingulate Signup and view all the answers

Que tipo de activitate es le masticatio considerat?

Reflexe activity Signup and view all the answers

Quae nervo cranial es responsabile pro le mouvement del musculo obliquo superior?

Nervo trochlear (IV) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le principale symptom de un lesion del nervo trochlear?

Incapacitate de mover le oculo downward e outward Signup and view all the answers

Quae parte del nervo trochlear es unique comparate con altere nervos cranial?

Exit del cervello contralateralmente Signup and view all the answers

Qual musculo es activitate a causa del nervo abducens?

Recto lateral Signup and view all the answers

Quale nerve cranial es responsabile pro le olfaction?

Nerve olfactive Signup and view all the answers

Quale cranial nerve es considerate un nerve mixto?

Nerve trigeminal Signup and view all the answers

Quale classifica corresponde al nerve vagus?

Mixed Signup and view all the answers

Quale tipo de fibra es activate per le nerve oculomotor?

General Somatic Efferent Signup and view all the answers

Le nerve facial (VII) es implicate in qual type de motricitate?

Special Visceral Efferent Signup and view all the answers

Quale nerve cranial media le sensibilitate de taste desde le lingua?

Nerve glossopharyngeal Signup and view all the answers

Le nerve abducens (VI) es responsable pro qual munere?

Movimento del oculo Signup and view all the answers

Quale nucleo es associate con le nerve hypoglossal?

Nucleo del motricitate del lingua Signup and view all the answers

Qual nerve cranial es responsabile pro controlar le majoritate del expression faciale?

Nerve facial Signup and view all the answers

Qual cranial nerve es principalmente implicate in le audition e le equilibrio?

Nerve vestibulocochlear Signup and view all the answers

Qual nucleus es connectate con le sensate de gustation pro le lingue?

Nucleus solitarius Signup and view all the answers

Qual cranial nerves es considerate como nerves somatic motor pro le oculos?

III, IV, VI Signup and view all the answers

Le quale cranial nerve es responsabile pro le motricitate del tongue?

Nerve hypoglossal Signup and view all the answers

Quale nervi cranial es implicate in le sensitivitates del pharynx e larynx?

IX e X Signup and view all the answers

Qual nerve cranial es responsable pro le motricitate del musculos sternocleidomastoideus?

Nerve spinal accessory Signup and view all the answers

Qual cranial nerve es implicate in le sensate de tacto e dolore del face?

Nerve trigeminal Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le function del nervo abducens (VI)?

Innervar le muscle lateral rectus Signup and view all the answers

Que representa le duplex de neuronas in le seno del nervo abducens?

Neurones qui forman le axones del nervo abducens e neurones internuclear Signup and view all the answers

Que occurre quando le nervo abducens es lesionate?

Le oculos si desplaza mediale e causa strabismus medial Signup and view all the answers

Quale nervo es responsable del senso de tacto e preassione in le facie?

Nervo trigeminal (V) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le attributo unique del nucleus mesencephalicus del trigeminal?

Es le prime ordine neuronale in le SNC Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le loco de emergence del nervo abducens?

At le ponto medullary junction Signup and view all the answers

Que se passa con le oculo quando le muscle lateral rectus es paralysate?

Le oculo si desplaza mediale Signup and view all the answers

Quale fibras del nervo trigeminal es responsabile pro le sensation de dolore e temperatura?

Fibras somaticas generales Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le principale function del nervo olfactiv (CN I)?

Percepir odores Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le resultato probable de trauma del nervo olfactiv?

Anosmia, o perdita del senso del odores Signup and view all the answers

Qual cellule es recorrente durante le regeneration del neuronas olfactiv?

Cellulæ basali Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le location del neuronas secondari del sistema olfactiv?

Bulbo olfactiv Signup and view all the answers

Quale parte del sistema olfactiv es associate con le apreciation conscient del odores?

Stria olfactiv lateral Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le rol del commissura anterior in le sistema olfactiv?

Permitter le projection de fibrae towards le bulbo olfactiv contralateral Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le effetto del intereurones in le bulbo olfactiv?

Enhancer le bulbo olfactiv contralateral Signup and view all the answers

Quale cellulæ in le mucosa olfactiv es specialisate pro le reception de odores?

Neuronas primar Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cranial Nerves

Cranial nerves are a set of twelve paired nerves that emerge directly from the brain.
These nerves play crucial roles in transmitting sensory and motor information.
They are numbered I through XII.

Functional Types

General Somatic Efferent (GSE): Activating skeletal muscles, including some eye muscles and muscles of the tongue.
General Visceral Efferent (GVE): Control of internal organs.
Special Visceral Efferent (SVE): Activating muscles derived from the branchial arches, including facial muscles and muscles of the palate, pharynx, and larynx (excluding eye and tongue).
General Somatic Afferent (GSA): Receiving sensory information from muscles, skin, ligaments and joints.
General Visceral Afferent (GVA): Carrying sensory information from visceral organs..
Special Visceral Afferent (SVA): Mediating taste sensation and smell.
Special Somatic Afferent (SSA): Relaying special senses such as vision (retina) and hearing/equilibrium(inner ear).

Cranial Nerve Classification

Sensory nerves: Contain exclusively sensory (afferent) fibers. Examples include olfactory (smell), optic (vision), and vestibulocochlear (hearing/equilibrium).
Motor nerves: Contain exclusively motor (efferent) fibers. Examples include oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, and hypoglossal.
Mixed nerves: Contain both sensory and motor fibers. Examples include trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus.

Cranial Nerve Nuclei

The nuclei of cranial nerves are located within the brainstem.
Various nuclei, such as those of motor nerves, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, somatic and visceral, and sensory nerves exist for each cranial nerve.

Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

Special sense nerve responsible for the sense of smell.
Peripheral olfactory receptors are found in the olfactory mucosa.
Axons from the receptors pass through the cribriform plate to reach olfactory bulb.
Fibers project to the olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe.

Optic Nerve (CN II)

Special sense nerve for sight or vision.
Fibers originate from the retinal ganglion cells.
They travel through the optic canal to form the optic chiasma.
Partially decussate (cross) at the optic chiasm, some fibers stay ipsilateral.
Continues as optic tracts to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus.
Relayed to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe.

Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

Mixed nerve containing somatic motor and parasympathetic fibers.
Supplies most extrinsic eye muscles enabling eye movements involved in focusing and pupil constriction.
Parasympathetic fibers (Edinger-Westphal Nucleus): Control the ciliary muscle and pupil constriction.

Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)

Pure motor nerve.
Supplies the superior oblique eye muscle, a muscle responsible for downward and outward movement of the eye.
Unique pathway, the only cranial nerve that emerges from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem.

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

Mixed nerve with three major divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular).
Sensory: Transmits sensory information from the face, head and meninges.
Motor: Supplies muscles involved in mastication.
Three Sensory Nuclei: Mesencephalic (proprioception), Pontine (touch & pressure), Spinal (pain & temperature)

Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

Pure motor nerve.
Innervates the lateral rectus muscle, enabling the eye's outward movement.

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Mixed nerve with motor and sensory/parasympathetic functions.
Controls facial expressions, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
Parasympathetic fibers control secretions of the lacrimal gland and salivary glands.

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

Special sensory nerve responsible for hearing and balance.
Consists of two branches : vestibular (balance) and cochlear (hearing).

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

Mixed nerve involving motor and sensory/parasympathetic components.
Involved in taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue), pharyngeal muscle movement, and parotid gland secretions.
Parasympathetic component influences secretory activity.

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Mixed nerve that contains both somatic motor and visceral efferent fibers of parasympathetic nervous system
Sensory and motor information carried throughout the thorax and abdomen.
Involved in pharyngeal and laryngeal muscle movement, heart, lung, stomach and digestive systems
Autonomic regulation of visceral functions.

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Pure motor nerve and originates from both brainstem and spinal cord
Innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, contributing to head movement and shoulder shrug.

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

Motor nerve supplying muscles of the tongue enabling tongue movements necessary for speech, swallowing, and manipulating food.

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Description

Este quiz explora diversos aspectos del sistema nervioso, enfocandose particularmente en los nervos craniales y sus funciones. Los participantes aprenderan sobre el nucleo trigeminale pontino, el nervo oculomotori, y el trato de dolor y temperatura. Disfruta de este desafio sobre la anatomia y fisiologia del sistema nervioso.