30 Questions
What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?
To form complex processing networks that bring all regions of the body under CNS control
What is the range of diameters of neuron cell bodies?
5-135 micrometers
What is the main function of dendrites in neurons?
To receive information and conduct impulses toward the cell body
What is the purpose of the axon in a neuron?
To transmit information from the cell body to other neurons
What is the function of neuroglia in the nervous system?
To support and maintain the neuronal networks
What is the term for the branched structures that receive information in a neuron?
Dendrites
What is the primary function of bipolar neurons?
To convey the special senses of sight, smell, hearing, and balance
What is the characteristic structure of unipolar neurons?
One process that extends from the body with fused dendrites and axon
Where are the cell bodies of multipolar neurons in the PNS mainly located?
In the ganglia of cranial and spinal nerves
What type of neurons are most sensory neurons?
Unipolar
What is the structure of motor neurons?
Multipolar
What is the structure of most interneurons?
Multipolar
What is the main function of the axon in a neuron?
To conduct impulses away from the cell body
What is the term for the organelles responsible for protein production in neurons?
Nissl bodies
What is the region where the axon joins the cell body?
Axon hillock
What is the term for the fine processes at the end of the axon?
Telodendria
What is the gap between the pre and post-synaptic cells?
Synaptic cleft
What is the site of communication between two neurons or between a neuron and another effector cell?
Synapse
What is the main reason why gray matter appears grayish?
The presence of Nissl bodies in the neuronal cell bodies
What type of cells are responsible for forming scar tissue in the CNS after an injury?
Astrocytes
What is the term for the process by which myelin sheaths are lost or destroyed?
Demyelination
What is necessary for neuronal regeneration to occur?
The presence of functional Schwann cells with a neurolemma
What is the function of the neurolemma in neuronal regeneration?
To guide and stimulate axon regrowth
In which part of the nervous system does regeneration largely not occur?
Central nervous system (CNS)
What happens to the Schwann cells at the distal axon after an injury is detected?
They dedifferentiate and arrest the production of myelin
What is the process by which the separated segment of the axon undergoes degeneration?
Wallerian degeneration
What is the role of macrophages in nerve regeneration?
They aid in demyelination and the removal of debris
What is the final step in the process of nerve regeneration?
Redifferentiation of Schwann cells
What happens to the axon after the removal of myelin and axonal debris?
It can regenerate
What is the role of previous Schwann cells in axonal regeneration?
They become precursors to aid in axonal regeneration
Learn about the structure and function of neurons, the building blocks of the nervous system. Discover their diversity in size and shape, and how they form complex networks in the brain and spinal cord.
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