Neuroscience Section 1: Nervous System

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What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

Regulating and protecting neurons

Producing oligodendrocytes and astrocytes

Providing mechanical support to other neurons

Processing, transferring, and storing information (correct)

Which type of cell does not have axons or dendrites?

Motor neurons

Interneurons

Glial cells (correct)

Sensory neurons

What is the primary reason for the resting membrane potential in a neuron?

The absence of ion channels in the plasma membrane

The presence of more open Na+ channels than K+ channels

The presence of equal number of open K+ and Na+ channels

The presence of more open K+ channels than Na+ channels (correct)

What is the main difference between the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system in terms of glial cells?

The central nervous system has oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal and microglia, while the peripheral nervous system has Schwann cells and satellite cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the membrane potential of a neuron that is not transmitting signals?

Resting membrane potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of glial cells to neurons in the nervous system?

3:1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the dura mater in the central nervous system?

To restrict the movement of the brain within the skull and keep in cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the peripheral nervous system?

The system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid between the pia mater and arachnoid mater?

To help protect the brain and spinal cord from sudden impact or injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pia mater in the central nervous system?

To contain blood vessels and capillaries that nourish the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the arachnoid mater responsible for in the central nervous system?

To provide cushioning for the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the central nervous system (CNS) composed of?

The brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of depolarization during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

Opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the action potential does the membrane potential return to its resting state?

Repolarization phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the membrane depolarizes further during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

Rapid influx of Na+ ions into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the absolute and relative refractory periods?

The ability of the nerve fiber to respond to a stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the voltage level at which depolarization occurs very rapidly during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

-55 mV Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period during which a nerve fiber does not respond or responds subnormally to a stimulus of threshold intensity or greater than threshold intensity?

Refractory period Signup and view all the answers